Question

Draw the structure of the product formed in the following reaction.

Draw the structure of the product formed in the following reaction. NaOH, ethanol heat

Answer 1

First the base abstracts the proton to form a carbanion, which attacks the carbonyl group of another compound to form an oxyanion. This compound undergoes hydrolysis and forms an aldol, followed by the dehydration gives the desired product. Thus, the mechanism is as follows: NaOH, ethanol eat НН 2-phenylacetaldehyde enolate ion он 3-hydroxy-2,4-diphenylbutanal aldol 4-oxo-1,3-diphenylbutan-2-olate -H20 (E)-2,4-diphenylbut-2-enal

Answer 2

Concepts and reason

• A condensation reaction is a type of chemical reaction, which has a huge importance in organic synthesis.

• The reaction undergoes the formation of a carbon-carbon double bond. An aldol condensation reaction is a type of condensation reaction in which two aldehydes have a α-hydrogen atom reacting with each other to form a product called aldol.

• The first step is the aldol reaction in which the enolate ion formed then reacts with another molecule of the aldehyde.

• The dehydration of product of an aldol reaction forms αβ-unsaturated carbonyl molecules (aldol). This is known as an aldol condensation reaction.

• In a base catalyzed aldol reaction, the base deprotonates the acidic hydrogen on a α-carbon atom to form the enolate.

• An enolate are good nucleophile and carbonyl ${\rm{C}}$ is a good electrophile, so the enolate reacts with the carbonyl carbon of another aldehyde.

Fundamentals

The mechanism of an aldol condensation contains two steps. The first part is an aldol reaction; the second part is a dehydration elimination reaction. First, the base abstracts the proton to form a carbanion, and then it attacks the carbonyl group of another compound to form an oxy anion. This compound undergoes hydrolysis and forms an aldol, followed by dehydration which will give an aldol product.

Mechanism:-

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