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Name Date Section Data Sheet Experiment 21: Ballistic Pendulum. A. The Ballistic Pendulum Mass ofball m-9.890. 0698 Mass of pendulum Mp- Trial h2 (m) hy (m) 4.1らコcm : 0.057 in 115.220. IS 3m-10.01am Average beight h Initial velocity of ballms B. The Energy Lost in a Perfocily Inolastic Collsion O 00 698 01a nal velodic mis Initíal Kinétic Energy (J) Final Kinetic EnergyKinetic Energy Lost AB C. The Determination of the Velocity of the Ball by Projectile Motion Distance from ball to floor ymm Horizontal distanc 275Ym Velocity of bail m/s ! ,190. Experiment 21 BehidcPrnduanneerat
Ball FIGURE 21.4. Detgils of the spring-gun ballistie pendylum C. The Determination of the Velocity of the Ball by Projectilo Motion . Clamp the ballistic pendnlim to thc end of the laboratory table. Move the pendulum bob up to the rack to keép it away from the gun. Plabe the ball on the gun and measure the vertical distance frorn the bottorm of the ball to the is a negative mumber. (Place a mark co the floor directly below the ball where the meteestick makes contact with 2. Fire the gun a few times to see approximately whiere the ball hits the ground Scotch tape a piece of plain paper on 3. Fire the gun. When the ball hits the earbon papé on the groend itWill leavi& iark oa the piper. Mcisre te hoid- loor. Label this distance yex and record this value on your data shicet in meters. Remember that this vabbe of yai the floot, This point will be nsed later as the point 0.) the floor at this position. Cover the paper with a piece of carbon paper. this digtance x and record this value on your dita sheet in meters 21.17. Record chis value on your data sheet. zontal distanice from the original position of the ball, x-0 (tep I), and the marked position on the paper. Label .4 Using the values of% and, determined, cal tate the velocity of the ball%ịn mete sper second by equation 5. Using tho vakop of y determined in step 4 as the stanpard yalbie and dhe value of uy determined in step 7 (part A) as the experimentaleeine the porcentage errer la the relocity of the balil, Record this valne on yogr data sheet. QUESTIONS 1. Why is the experiment called a ballistic peodulum? 2. Whatis the rdlton between the la o covacf tm nd Newo i f modal 3. Show that the fractional energy lost during the perfeody inelaitic collsion, BKE, is givem by M+M Y4 Is there any energy lost to friction as the pawl of the pend lu engages the rack to bring it to a stop? yas. Once y is oained in the experimeat, how could you une this value to determie t iing cinkof the spding?
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1)

In forensics: To establish the velocity of a bullet (and thus predict its destructive effects) the ballistic pendulum measures the bullet's momentum. With the bullet's mass known, its velocity can be derived.
A good website: see the ref. where the physical theory is explained.
Errors: Beside the obvious errors of inaccuracy of measurement or mass of the pendulum, an overestimation error can occur if one assumes a totally inelastic collision but the projectile actually bounces off the pendulum rather than being retained by it. Similarly an underestimation error can occur if the projectile passes through the pendulum since not all of its momentum is captured.

2)

: New tend 103rd-law- 2. forces wre andt an eg aetivf fore nsh 2 by on a bjest isMp law comvau ahi6 motMe) KER し/ ( m stmp Inm 上は.

4)

The motion of a pendulum is a classic example of mechanical energy conservation. A pendulum consists of a mass (known as a bob) attached by a string to a pivot point. As the pendulum moves it sweeps out a circular arc, moving back and forth in a periodic fashion. Neglecting air resistance (which would indeed be small for an aerodynamically shaped bob), there are only two forces acting upon the pendulum bob. One force is gravity. The force of gravity acts in a downward direction and does work upon the pendulum bob. However, gravity is an internal force (or conservative force) and thus does not serve to change the total amount of mechanical energy of the bob. The other force acting upon the bob is the force of tension. Tension is an external force and if it did do work upon the pendulum bob it would indeed serve to change the total mechanical energy of the bob. However, the force of tension does not do work since it always acts in a direction perpendicular to the motion of the bob. At all points in the trajectory of the pendulum bob, the angle between the force of tension and its direction of motion is 90 degrees. Thus, the force of tension does not do work upon the bob.

Since there are no external forces doing work, the total mechanical energy of the pendulum bob is conserved.

5)

NO via al cenditon mu b 71

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