Question

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Courses Name: Ethics and Regulations in Heal

***Please complete my answer to be 500 words ..

I need new and unique answers, please. (Use your own words, don't copy and paste)

• In certain cases it's legally and ethically appropriate for health professionals to proceed with a treatment without consent or proceed with a treatment that is against the patient decision, give your opinion in detail and examples. Also, what is capacity and when does an adult lack capacity?

***Please complete my answer to be 500 words ..

I need new and unique answers, please. (Use your own words, don't copy and paste)

My answer

Individuals are afforded great personal autonomy and self-governance rights with in our society that allow people to live life as they deem most appropriate to themselves. Within the realm of providing medicine, these personal autonomy rights allow individual patients to choose health care options that they feel are in their own best interests Patients can make irrational choices yet competent medical choices. Patients may choice a treatment that fails to promote their long-term values and goals as effectively as a different treatment option. When patient refuse a burdensome intervention that will prevent later more serious burdens. The other phenomenon that can lead to irrational decisions is denial that people can sort of engaged in a form of magical thinking refusing to recognize the risk presented by the decisions they are making. Fear is another factor that can contribute. It is important to recognize the role of capacity in the ability of someone to consent to or refuse medical care. Empathetic decision making is necessary as clinicians will be constantly reading the patient and deciding with the patient how much or how little involvement is right for this patient right now The clinicians should respond actively when patients decision making don't make good sense. Coaxing and even vigorous argument can be OK. Encourage patients to reconsider earlier decisions when circumstances change. Informed consent should be obtained when the person has got all the mental capacity.

Patient autonomy refers to the patient's right to make decisions for themselves according to their own system of morals and beliefs. But autonomy is not static there are situations in which autonomy is not going to be recognized for very important reasons like incompetence and incapacity. Proportionality this is a principal that ensures a medical treatment or plans that are commensurate with the illness or with the goals of treatment. It's ensuring benefits outweigh the risks. So, making sure benefits are maximized and risks are minimized. Often plays a role when an ethic may be compromised or when two or more ethics conflict. Ethics are the cornerstone to the proper and professional practice of medicine, although what is ethical in one situation may not translate exactly to another. Autonomy may be compromised in certain situations.

Answer 1

#. Law

composed of rules of conduct established by people to maintain peace and productivity in society (order,peace, productivity, customs, justice).

Examples of law :-

- Advanced Directives

Legal documents that allow the patient to state the end of life treatments, they would or would not want, in the event that they become unable to make those decisions

- Living Will

Patient's document that states specific measures to be taken or not taken to prolong life

- Durable Power of Attorney for Healthcare

Document that names the person that will make healthcare decisions for the patient that is unable to do so.

#. Ethics

the study of conduct and character; concerned with determine what is good or valuable for individuals, for groups of individuals, and for society at large

#. History of Ethics in Health care

1976: Quinlan (New Jersey)

1986: American Hospital Association "Handbook for Hospital Ethics Committees"

-Three primary functions outlined:

educating medical staff, hospital staff & patients

developing policies consulting and reviewing cases

#Types of ethical principles :-

- Autonomy

freedom from external control

- Beneficence

taking positive actions to help others; it is fundamental to the practice of nursing and medicine

- Nonmaleficence

the avoidance of harm or hurt

- Justice

refers to fairness; includes the just distribution of resources, health insurance, hospital locations and services, and even organ transplants

- Fidelity

the agreement to keep promises

- Code of Ethics

set of guiding principals that all members of a profession accept

- Advocacy

the support of a particular cause

- Responsibility

refers to a willingness to respect one's professional obligations and follow through on promises

- Accountability

refers to the ability to answer for one's actions; nurses learn to ensure their professional actions are explainable to their patients and their employers

#. Both relate to "right" and "wrong" conduct

-ethics provided by external source

-morals provided by internal source

#. Importance of Understanding Laws and Ethics :-

1. knowledge of legal responsibilities

2. limitations of practice

3. implications of their actions

4. protection of healthcare professionals, patients, co-workers, and facility

5. ethical behavior ensures quality patient care, positive work relationships, and well-managed workplace