Question

14. Select the number of participants in the Beck & Watson study

Group of answer choices

8

13

22

35

15. Beck & Watson determined their final sample size via

Group of answer choices

coding

saturation

triangulation

ethnography

16.Through their study, Beck & Watson determined

Group of answer choices

after a traumatic birth, subsequent births have no troubling effects

after a traumatic birth, subsequent births brought fear, terror, anxiety, and dread

Subsequent Childbirth After a Previous Traumatic Birth Beck, Cheryl Tatano; Watson, Sue Author Information Cheryl Tatano Beck, DNSC, CNM, FAAN, is Distinguished Professor, School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs. Sue Watson, is Chairperson, Trauma and Birth Stress, Auckland, New Zealand. Accepted for publication January 27, 2010. To all the courageous women who shared their most personal and powerful stories of their subsequent childbirth after a previous traumatic birth, the authors are forever indebted. Corresponding author: Cheryl Tatano Beck, DNSc, CNM, FAAN, School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, 231 Glenbrook Road, Storrs, CT 06269-2026 (e-mail: [email protected]). Abstract Background: Nine percent of new mothers in the United States who participated in the Listening to Mothers Il Postpartum Survey screened positive for meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder after childbirth. Women who have had a traumatic birth experience report fewer subsequent children and a longer length of time before their second baby. Childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder impacts couples' physical relationship, communication, conflict, emotions, and bonding with their children. Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the meaning of women's experiences of a subsequent childbirth after a previous traumatic birth. Methods: Phenomenology was the research design used. An international sample of 35 women participated in this Internet study. Women were asked, "Please describe in as much detail as you can remember your subsequent pregnancy, labor, and delivery following your previous traumatic birth." Colaizzi's phenomenological data analysis approach was used to analyze the stories of the 35 women. Results: Data analysis yielded four themes: (a) riding the turbulent wave of panic during pregnancy: (b) strategizing: attempts to reclaim their body and complete the journey to motherhood; (c) bringing reverence to the birthing process and empowering women; and (d) still elusive: the longed-for healing birth experience. Discussion: Subsequent childbirth after a previous birth trauma has the potential to either heal or retraumatize women. During pregnancy, women need permission and encouragement to grieve their prior traumatic births to help remove the burden of their invisible pain. In the United States, 9% of new mothers who participated in the Listening to Mothers || Postpartum Follow-Up Survey screened positive for meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fourth Edition (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after childbirth (Declercq, Sakala, Corry, & Applebaum, 2008). In this survey, the mothers' voices revealed a troubling pattern of maternity care. A large percentage of women giving birth in the United States experienced hospital care that did not reflect the best evidence for practice nor for women's preferences. The Institute of Medicine (2003) identified childbirth as a national healthcare priority for quality improvement. A maternity care quality chasm still exists (Sakala & Corry, 2007). Researchers and healthcare professionals at an international meeting on current issues regarding PTSD after childbirth recommended the need for research focusing on women's subjective birth experiences (Ayers, Joseph, McKenzie-McHarg, Slade, & Wijma, 2008). Olde, van der Hart, Kleber, and van Son (2006) called for examining the chronic nature of childbirth-related posttraumatic stress lasting longer than 6 months after birth.

Answer 1

14. Answer ; 35

Reason ; In the given case study, the researcher had used about 35 women for their research and experiment purpose. Hence the person used in this study is 35.

15. Answer ; saturation

Reason ; The method used to determine the final sample size in the given case study is by using the above mentioned way. Other type of methods mentioned in the option are not used by beck and watson in this study.

16. Answer ; After a traumatic birth, subsequent births brought fear, anxiety, trerror pannic and dread.

Reason ; After all conducting the study the researcher had came into the conclusion as it is mentioned in the above statement, thus the result request preventive approach while dealing this type of patient.