Question

Ethically, health-care providers should

refuse all patients that do not have the ability to pay.

refuse patients when the practice is already oversubscribed.

only refuse patients when the provider has announced his or her retirement.

refer all low-income patients to a charitable organization instead of providing any health care to these patients.

It is never acceptable to withhold information from patients for fear they will refuse treatment.

True

False

Knowledge that, if revealed, would harm not only the client but also the profession and the society that depends upon the profession is called

a natural secret.

a professional secret.

a promised secret.

professional information.

People who violate the individual mandate must pay their penalty in what way?

Fines

Taxes

Deductibles

Overriding a patient's wishes in order to benefit the patient or at least prevent harm is best referred to as

autonomy.

informed consent.

therapeutic privilege.

paternalism.

What impact has the Affordable Care Act had on racial and ethnic disparities in health care according to some studies?

Increased disparities

Decreased disparities

No change

What are the public-health hazards of a large uninsured population?

Physicians may miss the early signs of an epidemic since infected people may not seek prompt medical care.

There are no public-health hazards, so this is not an issue that requires a public-health response.

As uninsured individuals age, they die before entering the Medicare system, thus saving taxpayers money.

Health-care providers have an obligation to

focus on individual patients and rely on stakeholders to decide health-care policy.

provide information and leadership to ensure fair distribution of health care.

assure that health-care surrogates make decisions that other family members support.

use all life-preservation measures available to extend life as long as possible.

Ethical distribution must provide for

priorities and a system of allocating resources in light of political and economic realities.

equal health care for all people regardless of their medical condition or ability to pay.

equal outcomes for all groups regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, or class.

Which of the following is most true regarding the government's direct costs for the uninsured?

State and local governments contribute very little to offset these costs since this is a federal responsibility.

Ultimately, none of this money comes from taxpayers, so one need not worry about this cost.

All of the uninsured qualified for Medicaid, so these monies were paid in the form of Medicaid reimbursements.

In the early 2000s, the federal government paid nearly $19.9 billion to offset these costs.

Medical facilities are rarely forced to shut down or convert to for-profit facilities due to losses incurred by serving the uninsured.

What are the responsibilities of the physician or other legally independent practitioner when obtaining informed consent? Choose all that apply.

Inform the patient of the diagnosis

Explain the nature and purpose of the proposed treatment

Refer the patient to providers who offer alternative treatments

Identify known risks and benefits of the proposed treatment

Develop training on how to legally and ethically obtain informed consent

Describe risks of refusing proposed treatment

Which of the following is a federal law enacted in 2010 with the intent of improving access to quality health care for all Americans while reducing costs?

Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Paperwork Reduction Act

The Hawthorne effect refers to

instances in which a substance that is not supposed to have biological powers produces improvement in the patient's condition.

improvement in worker productivity and cooperation induced by workers believing they are being observed.

enhancement in patient compliance when patients believe their confidentiality is protected.

the positive outcomes in patient health when a placebo is used.

What does the Patient Self-Determination Act (Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act) require of health-care facilities?

Adherence to patient preference in all instances

Establishment of a payment schedule determined by the patient's budget

Identification of appropriate health-care surrogates for each patient

Provision of information about advance directives

Professional ethics are ethics that

attempt to identify the universal moral laws that justify a particular action.

have been developed by members of the profession without input from the larger society.

are concerned with the ethical conduct of the profession.

determine the rightness or wrongness of an action strictly based upon the medical outcomes of treatment.

Utilitarianism is best described as a

branch of philosophy that seeks to determine how human actions may be judged right or wrong.

type of consequentialism that assesses the rightness or wrongness of an action based upon the aggregate consequences of that action for a social group.

class of ethical theory that attempts to identify the universal moral laws that justify a particular action.

class of ethical theory advocating character development and formation of appropriate moral disposition within the individual.

Practical wisdom is

the ability to choose patterns of action through consideration of virtues along with the widest range of experience for the human person situated in society.

information based on scientific fact that has never been disproven.

information that all professionals learn during their courses of study.

when the knowledge available causes opacity because the information is based upon the health-care professional's personal experiences.

A 12-year-old who is unable to breathe due to an asthma attack requires an inhaler. This is best described as a(n)

inherent need.

socially induced need.

legally protected human right.

The role of a health-care worker, according to Baillie et al. (2013), is to

advise patients on ways to obtain the best care.

guarantee that patients do not suffer.

assure they do not damage the hospital's reputation.

meet the patient's most important goals.

The process for prioritizing treatment based on severity of illness and likelihood to benefit, typically used in an emergency or crisis, is best referred to as

triage.

macroallocation.

cost-shifting.

Answer 1

1.B.we can refuse the patient when there is no availability of bed or treatment facilities.

2.True.we can collect the reason for refusing by making them comfortable with health care provider.

3.professionel secret if reveals it distroy the profession also.

4.fines.it is the punishment topay money for violating the rules.

5.autonomy.it is the respect given to the patient decision or information to do in her treatment or other things.