Question

1. A. Name the three planes and the positions they each describe to identify a unique position in the human body. B. Name the two major ventral body cavities plus the major organs found in them. C. Name the cavities that the heart and lungs reside in. D. Finally, list the six levels of organization in nature. 2. A. Describe the three components of an atom in terms of charge and location. Define atomic mass and atomic number. B. For carbon, state its atomic mass (whole number) and atomic number plus the numbers of each of its subatomic components that are listed in your answer to part A. C. Finally, using carbon as an example, define what an isotope is. 3. A. Discuss why the description for the cell membrane is appropriately labeled the “Fluid Mosaic Model of Cell Membranes.” B. List five major organelles found in a typical body cell and their primary function. C. Briefly list the four features of enzymes that enable them to lower the activation energy. 4. A. Discuss the four groups of organic macromolecules by listing the major subclasses of each group (where applicable). B. Give three examples of compounds found in each major group 5. A. What is the deepest layer called? Identify its 2 major sublevels and, for each one, name the major type of tissue found in it.. B. What is the most superficial layer of skin called? Identify the five sub-layers in order from the deepest to the most superficial. C. In which layer is cell death first exhibited? D. In which two layers is active mitosis occurring? E. Name the four skin cell types found in this superficial layer of skin. 6. A. List the four major tissue types B. Name the subtypes for each major type plus one location where they are found. 7. A. List the five functions of the integumentary system. B. List the three types of membranes. C. Which membrane type contains mesothelia? D. Which membrane type is largely made up of only different types of connective tissue? 8. A. Describe the Sliding-Filament Model of muscle contraction. B. List the structures of a muscle from largest to the most microscopic. C. Name the three connective tissue coverings found in a muscle. D. Explain why rigor mortis occurs. 9. A. Describe the generation and completion of an action potential. B. Indicate in your description where the three phases occur. C. Indicate when the absolute and relative refractory periods occur. 10. A. Provide a short description of the steps of the process of repair to a broken bone. B. Name the 3 energy sources for muscular contractions. C. List the four major properties of muscle. D. List the steps for the excitation-contraction coupling in striated muscles. 11. A. Describe the functional organization of the human nervous system. B. For the hindbrain, list three major components and provide a brief description of their function. C. For the forebrain, list three major components and provide a brief description of their function. C. Describe how language is processed in the brain by listing the specific locations involved and what actions they perform while reading a pre-prepared speech. 12. A. Name the six types of neuroglia and where they are most prominently found in the nervous system. B. Name an associated function with each type of neuroglial cell named in part A. C. Name two descending and two ascending pathways in the spinal cord. List one function associated with each pathway. 13. A. Name the four bone shapes. B. What is the protective tissue that lines the outer surface of all bones? Describe it fully. C. What is the tissue that lines the medullary cavity and trabeculae of bone? Describe it fully. D. Describe endochondral ossification. 14. A. Name the three components of the neuromuscular junction. B. Describe the process of neurochemical transmission in the junction. C. Describe intramembranous ossification. 15. A. Name the four lobes of the brain and two locations found in each lobe (other than those listed in part B). B. Name one result of a lesion in each of the following areas: medulla oblongata, reticular formation, hippocampus, cerebellum and prefrontal cortex. 16. Name the following six cranial nerves, whether they are sensory, motor or both, what area of the face or head they are responsible for and what their primary function is. TO BE DETERMINED 17. Name the following six cranial nerves, whether they are sensory, motor or both, what area of the face or head they are responsible for and what their primary function is. TO BE DETERMINED 18. A. Name each layer of the eyeball and list two structures in each layer of them. B. List the structures, in order, that light passes through to form an image in the occipital lobe. C. List the five taste modalities. 19. A. Name the major components of the ear. B. Describe the processes involved in reception of sound. 20. A. Name and briefly describe the four brain wave patterns detected by an EEG. B. Name the three layers of the meninges in sequence from the deepest to the most superficial. C. Name the tissue and cell type that produces CSF. D. Describe the flow of cerebrospinal fluid around the CNS.

Answer 1

Q1. A) The three planes of the human body are: a) Sagittal plane - It divides the body into left and right halves. b) Coronal plane - It divides the body into dorsal and ventral. c) Transverse plane - Divides the body into caudal and cranial portions. B) The two major ventral body cavities are: Thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity. The major organs contained in them are heart, lungs, digestive system, lympatic system, spleen, liver, gallbladder, stomach, small intestine, kidneys, large intestine and some glands such as adrenal glands.

C) Thoracic cavity is the cavity in which the heart and lungs reside. D) The six levels of organization (in hierarchy) are: a) Biosphere b) Biomes c) Ecosystem d) Community e) Populations f) Organism.