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The Central Nervous System, endocrine system B. Figure 1 Use the diagram above to answer the following question 1) Which letter indicates the primary visual cortex, which receives information from neurons in the retina of the eye? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E
Figure 2 Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. 2) Which letter indicates the corpora quadrigemina, meaning four A) A в) в с) с D) D E) E bodies? 3) Which letter indicates the medulla oblongata, the functional neural connection between the pons and the spinal cord? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 4) Which letter indicates the regian ot the bran that has the gr estest suface area due to the numerous surface convolutions? A) A B) B c) с D) D E) E 5) Which letter indicates a choroid plexus, which produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in all four ventricles of the brain? A) A в) в C) C D) D E) E
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13) Which of these regions of the brain regulates hormonal séeretog mi uld piutary 20) C gland (hypophysis)? A) hypothalamus B) cerebrum C) cerebellum D) thalamus 14) Which of these regions lies between the optic chiasma and the posterior border of the mammillary bodies? A) hypothalamus B) cerebrum C) cerebellum D) thalamus 15) Itis easy tu confuse the terms sulcus and gyrus (on the cerebral cortex). The difference betseen these two terms is that A) a sulcus corresponds to a folia on the corebelum whereac aayrus coFrespevds toa B) a sulcus is the same as a fis sue o the cerebellun, whereas a gyin Crivespanuls to fissure. C) a sulcus is agrove and agynus is a deeper groave D) a gynus is a ridge, and a sulcus is a groove. 1G) Tme visual assuidtin area of the cerebral cortex is located in the A) frontal lobe B) insula. C) parietal lobe D) occipital lobe 1E) The second largest region of the brain is the A) cerebrum. B) brain stem. C) diencephalon. D) cerebeilium. a hindbrain, stuchure 18) Which of the following is not A) fourth ventricle B) pons C) medulla D) basal nuclei 19) The subarachnold space les behween wht tolayers-oer men inges A) arachnoid and B) arachnoid and bone de skull C) arachnoid and dura D) dura and epidura
20) Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in A) the dorsal root ganglia external to the spinal cord. B) the posterior gray horn of the spinal corcd. the thalamus. D) nuclei of the cranial nerves. anog 21) The tough, dense fibrous connective tissue meningeal layer is the A) dura mater. ia B) subarachnoid. C) arachnoid erii D) pia mater. melent (A bem9 22) Cutting the corpus callosum would lead to which of the following? A) The right cerebral hemisphere cannot cummuricate ditecHy wih the left hemisphere. B) Visual reflexes are lost C) Emotional problems develop D) One-half of the body is paralyzed 23) Cerebrospinal fluid is located within the A) subarachnoid space. 0 B) orbits C) cerebral cortex. D) superior sagittal sinus. 24) The only one of the meninges that follows the brain surface into a cerebral sulcus is the A) dura mater. B) arachnoid mater. C) pia mater. D) alma mater. 20 (a retions eno 25) A cerebrovascular accident patient who is unable to recognize faces omdobjects but can stillvisualy perceive spafal orang ment of cbject mosf hely has dêage to A) the primary visual cortex. B) the occipital lobe. C) the posterior association area. D) the temporal lobe mola d 26) Sleep-wake cycles are controlled by the pineal gland and the A) hypothalamus. B) medulla oblongata. C) thalamus. D) visual cortex. 27) Which of the following is not a midbrain structure? A) third ventricle B) cerebral peduncles C) corpora quadrigemina s ovarl ton ob yeri
D) red nucleus ed 28) The brain stem consists of the A) cerebrum, pons, midbrain, and medulla. B) midbrain, medulla, and pons. C) pons, medulla, cerebellum, and midbrain. D) midbrain only. 29) Neural centers that control heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the A) thalamus. B) medulla. C) midbrain. of bluow D) cerebrum. 30) A shallow groove on the surface of the cerebral cortex is called a A) sulcus. B) fissure. C) gyrus. D) furrow. 31). The human nervous system is capable of a wide range of functions. What is the basic unit of the nervous system? A) Glial cell B) Meninges C) Neuron D) CSF sub (A 32. How do neurons communicate with one another? A) Electrically B) Chemically C) Radio-wave-like impulses D) A &B 33. What kind of nerve cells are thought to be helpers for the neurons? a. Glial b. Stem c. Muscles odi bns eenig 34. Which of the following are true about neurons? a. They regenerate very fast b. They are long when compared to other cells in the body c. They help carry oxygen to different body parts d. They do not have a nucleus TS 35. After consuming a banana-splt, which hormones would be expected to increase?
8 A. Insulin B. Thyroid C. Prolactin D. Glucagon 36 Which of the following is a physiological function that is mediated by a hormone released by the posterior pituitary? nomo A. Digestion of lipids B. Maturation of gametes C. Water retention D. Calcium reabsorption 0r Os 37. Which of the following hormones would be expected to increase if you were studying all day for an exam and skipped two meals? A. Insulin B. Glucagon C. Testosterone D. Estrogen 38. Which hormone increases basal metabolic rate in the body? A. Androgens C. Thyroid D. Parathyroid 39. Which among the following is both an endocrine and exocrine gland? 8.a A. Pancreas B. Liver C. thyroid D. adrenal glands 40. The primary role of the parathyroid gland is A. Absorption of sugar B. To regulate plasma calcium levels C. To maintain metabolic homeosłasis D. Both A& B anormord gntslumite efoillo enomod gnsiniolu 41. Each hormones organ specificity is determined by A. Its capability to interact with specific receptor B. Whether its a protein or amino acid hormone C. Whether its hydrophilic or hydrophobic D. None of these heig niluan 42. The concentration of hormones in the blood is regulated by:d A. Positive and negative feedback loops
B. Nutritional signals C. Number of erythrocytes D. Production of receptor antagonists 43. Which among the following are examples for steroid hormones> A. Thyroid hormones and adrenal cortical hormones B. Sex hormones and adrenal cortical hormones C. Pancreatic and thyroid hormones D. Sex hormones and adrenal medullary hormones 44. Which gland is responsible for the flight-or-fight response? A. Pineal B. Pancreas C. Adrenal D. Pituitary 45. Which gland may enlarge (goiter) due to an iodine deficiency? A. Thyroid B. Parathyroid C. Thymus D. Pancreas 46. How many hormones are secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland? A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8 47. What two hormones are produced by the pancreas? A. Insulin and glucagon B. Epinephrine and norepinephrine C. Oxytocin and vasopressin D. Parathormone & thymosin 48. Which of the following hormones is NOT secreted by the pituitary gland? A. Glucagon B. Follicle stimulating hormone C. Oxytocin D. Luteinizing hormone 49. Select the correct pairing of gland and hormone. A. Liver- Insulin B. Adrenal gland-cortiso C. Pancreas- epinephrine D. Thyroid- Calcitonin 50. Insulin is secreted by the Beta cells in the islets of Langerhans These islets are found in which organ? A. Liver St
B. Pancreas C. Pituitary D. Stomach 51. What is a specialist of the endocrine system called? A. Neurologist B. Endocrinologist C. Gastroenterologist D. Neuro-endo-cytologist 52. There are exocrine and endocrine glands. Which of these statements applies ONLY to endocrine glands? abicothoolstoni A. They secrete their product into ducts B. They control short term activities C. They pour their secretions into the bloodstream D. They can form round clusters called acinus 53. Which of these is not an endocrine gland? A Pancreas B. Thyroid C. Adrenal D. Colon O- 54. Which of these elements is peculiarly critical to the proper function of the thyroid gland? A. lodine B. Magnesium C. Calciumm D. Zinc (8 8 (8 3 (6 55. Which of the following cells are not produced in the pancreas? A. Alpha cells B. Beta cells C. Delta cells D. K cells
56. Which of these is the growth hormone? A Thyroxine C. Calcitonin D. Somatotropin 57. Which of these is not a corticosteroid? A Glucocorticoids horie C. Aldosterones D. Thyrocalcitonin Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. 58) Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes melatonin. A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 59) Identify the letter that indicates a commissure connecting left and right cerebral hemispheres A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E
60) Identify the letter that indicates the hypophysis. A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E fo 61) Identify the letter that indicates a gland that regulates circadian rhythms. A) A в) в C) C D) D E) E 62) Identify the letter that indicates the brain region that secretes releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E oniwollot ent lo dairw 63) Region of the hypophysis that releases hormones stored in neurosecretory bodies in axon terminals. A) tuber cinerum B) neurohypophysis C) infundibulum D) pars tuberalis E) adenohypophysis enceleoble (A 64) Largest purely endocrine gland in the body. 1 A) pancreas B) hypophysis C) adrenal gland D) thyroid gland E) thymus gland 65) Pancreatic cell type that produces insulin. B) beta cells A) alpha cells C) delta cells D) gamma cells E) PP cells 66) Pancreatic cell type that produces glucagon. A) alpha cells B) beta cells
C) delta cells D) gamma cells E) PP cells 67) Endocrine gland of the thorax that is also important in immune function. A) neurohypophysis B) adneohypophysis C) pineal gland D) thymus gland E) parathyroid gland 68) Which of the following statements concerning the endocrine glands is incorrect? A) They are a group of ductless glands. B) They secrete messenger molecules called hormones C) The hormones they secrete travel more quickly than nerve impuises. n6 D) The hormones they secrete regulate processes such as growth and metabolism. 6o) which of the following hormones is secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary? A) LH B) ADH C) glucagon D) adrenaline 70) The adrenal medulla secretes A) aldosterone. B) cortisol. C) epinephrine and norepinephrine. D) glucocorticoids 71) Which of the following is not part of the anterior lobe of the pituitary? A) pars distalis B) pars intermedia C) pars tuberalis D) pars nervosa 72) Compared to most other organs in the body, endocrine organs are A) well vascularized. B) poorly vascularized. C) have an average amount of vascularization. D) mainly epithelial cells. 73) The secretion of hormones by the anterior lobe of the pituitary is controlled by the A) pars distalis. B) pancreatic islets. C) hypothalamus. D) atria of the heart.
74) Which of the following hormones is secreted by cardiac muscle cells? A) ADH B) FSH C) atrial natriuretic hormone D) epinephrine 75) Cells that manufacture and secrete ACTH are located in the A) adrenal cortex. B) adrenal medulla. C) pituitary gland D) heart. 76) The thyroid gland is located A) anterior to the aortic arch. B) immediately inferior to the larynx 8 (08 C) on the superior aspect of the kidneys. D) posterior to the sternum. Figure Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. 77) Identify the letter that indicates the structure that is important in equalizing air pressure on both sides of the eardrum. A) A B) B c) с D) D E) E
7e ldentily the letter that indicates the structure that is the boundary between the external and middle ear. A) A в) в с) с D) D E) E ort TA 79) ldentify the letter that indicates the middle ear ossicle that is known as the stirrup. A) A B) B bnsto vistu( C) C D) D E) E 80) Identify the letter that indicates the structure that contains receptors for rotational (a acceleration. A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 81) Identify the letter that indicates the structure that is called the cochlea. A) A B) B с) с D) D E) E eiutourle er
inG bud oas dlud 3 art to etr stim (A Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. 82) Identify the letter that indicates the transparent portion of the fibrous layer. A) A в) в C) C D) D E) E 83) Identify the letter that indicates the portion of the fibrous layer known as the sclera A) A в) в C) C D) D E) E 84) Identify the letter that indicates the anterior segment, which is filled with aqueous humor A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 85) Identify the letter that indicates the ciliary body. A) A B) B C) C
D) D E) E 86) Identify the letter that indicates the region of the retina that contains only cones and provides maximal visual acuity. A) A B) B C) C D) D E)E 8) Microvill frm gustatory cells project through this structure. taste bud B) taste pore C) tongue papilla D) olfactory bulb E) gustatory epithelial cells 88) Filaments of the olfactory receptor cells synapse with these cells of the offactory tract. A) mitral cells B) glomeruli andlesup C) support epithelial cells D) olfactory stem cells E) cells in the lamina propria 89) Transparent mucous membrane covering the inner surface of the eyelid. A) palpebrae B) tarsal glands C) lacrimal apparatus D) conjunctiva E) lacrimal caruncle 90) Melanin-containing layer of the eyes vascular tunic. A) sclera B) choroid C) ciliary body D) cornea E) lens 91) Fluid filling the posterior segment of the eye. A) aqueous humor B) vitreous humor C) synovial fluid D) serous fluid E) endolymph ybod
92) Membrane attached to the stapes. A) tympanic membrane B) pharyngotympanic C) oval window D) round window E) tectorial membrane 93) Bony labyrinth structure containing the utricle and saccule. A) vestibule B) macula lutea C) macula densa D) ora serrate E) scala vestibule 94) Calcium carbonate crystals of the macula. A) stapedius B) modiolus C) otoliths D) helicotrema E) scala tympani 95) Endolymph-flled structure containing receptors for hearing A) vestibule B) saccule C) utricle D) cochlear duct E) semicircular canals 96) The basilar membrane supports the A) spiral lamina. B) modiolus. C) spiral ganglion. D) bony labyrinth. E) spiral organ. 97) Gel-like structure embedded with the tips of cochlear hair cells A) basilar membrane B) tectorial membrane C) tympanic membrane D) scala tympani E) scala vestibule 98) Which of the following areas has the highest concentration of cones? A) the optic disc B) the macula lutea C) the fovea centralis D) the ora serrata retinae 99) Endolymph is made
ert o A) from perilymph. B) from the dura mater. C) in the scala vestibuli. D) in the stria vascularis. 100) Where do tears drain? A) into the Eustachian tube B) into the nasal cavity C) into the lacrimal gland D) into the pharynx 101) Clouding of which of the following structures would lead to a clinical condition known as a cataract? od A) lens B) cornea C) aqueous humor D) vitreous humor 102) Hair cells are receptor cells for A) fine touch. B) both hearing and equilibrium. C) taste. D) smell. (O 103) The middle ear cavity is normally filled with A) perilymph. B) endolymph. C) air D) mucus. 104) The sensation of taste involves A) bending of cilia. B) chemicals binding to microvilli. C) movement of crystals embedded in gelatinous masses.bb D) photons altering pigment molecules. obadme 105) Receptors for hearing are located in the A) cochlear duct. B) middle ear C) semicircular canals. D) tympanic membrane. 106) The external ear consists of each of the following structures except the A) auricle B) helix. C) lobule ort D) vestibule.
107) An essential part of the maculae involved in static equilibrium is/are the A) spiral organ (of Corti). B) cupula.din C) scala media. D) otoliths. 108) The bony labyrinth is located in which portion of the temporal bone? A) mastoid B) petrous C) squamous D) tympanic 109) Which of the following controls the amount of light entering the eye? A) ciliary muscle B) dilator/sphincter pupillae muscles C) levator palpebrae D) medial rectus 110) The superior oblique muscle turns the eye both laterally and A) medially B) superiorly C) inferiorly. D) laterally. 111) The ossicle that is shaped like the stirrup of a saddle is the A) tympanic membrane. B) incus. C) malleus. D) stapes. 112) The cristae ampullares in the inner ear are located in the A) saccule B) utricle. C) semicircular ducts. D) cochlear duct 113) What structure regulates the amount of light passing to the visual receptors of the eye? A) aqueous humor B) vitreous humor C) lens D) pupil 114. Which layer is a blood vessel-rich layer with a dark brown membrane located between the retina and the sclera? A) Choroid B) Sclera C) Retina
D) Cornea E) Lens 115. Which of the following membranes is continuous with the auditory canal? A. Basilar membrane B. Tectorial membrane C. Oval window D. Tympanic membrane E. Round window 116. Rods and cons of the eye are A. Photoreceptors B. Chemoreceptors C. Neuroreceptors D. Mechanoreceptors E. Georeceptors n eslliqua
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question number 1: Answer: Brain is a very complex and one of largest organs in the human body. It is also called as bioorganQuestion number 2 Answer: Corpora quadrigeminal is a reflex center which plays a key role in vision and hearing. This partiti

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