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You inject a mouse with a protein antigen X. This is the first time the mouse...

You inject a mouse with a protein antigen X. This is the first time the mouse has been exposed to X. In the course of clearing X from their body the mouse will launch an immune response to antigen X. Over the course of the immune response antigen X will encounter naïve, effector and memory lymphocytes (B- and T-cells).  There are distinct differences between the function and role of each type (naïve, effector and memory).

Differentiate between naïve, effector and memory lymphocytes.  Focus on their response to antigen (time to respond, magnitude of response, quality/type of response) and their overall function in the immune response.

Note: This question is only worth 5 marks!

  • This isn’t a molecular question. It’s a ‘what is the point’, ‘why do I need so many different things’ type of question.
  • Think big picture (not lots of molecules) and focus on the underlined words above.
  • It is possible to answer the question in a way that is accurate for both T- and B-cells at the same time (i.e., one answer covers both) but you could also describe both independently. Do whichever you feel more comfortable with.
  • The mouse, and antigen X, was just an example. You don’t have to mention them in your answer.
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Answer #1

Naive lympocytes are lympocytes that havenot encountered any antigens yet.These are immature cells.It is of two types:Naive CD4+ T cells and Naive CD8+ T cells.These naive cells become mature or activated when there is an infection.When there is an infection ,these T cells becomes activated and undergoes proliferation and differentiation.The resulting T cells have now ability to recongonize the antigen.These cells are effector cells.They can mediate the removal of antigen that cause infection.Two main types of effector cells are Helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells.Helper T cells assist the activation of other cells in the immune response.Cytotoxic T cells recognize and kill infeted cells.effector T cells are short lived cells.But a population of activated T cells also become memory T cells,which are long lived.They provide protection in case the same pathogen or antigen invades in future.

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