What can SNPs do to wild-type sequences of DNA if they have mutations in base pairing?
A single base change can create a devastating genetic disorder or a beneficial adaptation, or it might have no effect. SNPs in parts of genes that code for proteins can lead to a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein, affecting its structure and/or function.
Table 1: Single-Base Mutation Associated with Sickle-Cell Anemia
Sequence for Wild-Type Hemoglobin |
||||||||||||
ATG |
GTG |
CAC |
CTG |
ACT |
CCT |
GAG |
GAG |
AAG |
TCT |
GCC |
GTT |
ACT |
Start |
Val |
His |
Leu |
Thr |
Pro |
Glu |
Glu |
Lys |
Ser |
Ala |
Val |
Thr |
Sequence for Mutant (Sickle-Cell) Hemoglobin |
||||||||||||
ATG |
GTG |
CAC |
CTG |
ACT |
CCT |
GTG |
GAG |
AAG |
TCT |
GCC |
GTT |
ACT |
Start |
Val |
His |
Leu |
Thr |
Pro |
Val |
Glu |
Lys |
Ser |
Ala |
Val |
Thr |
SNPs are important as markers, or signposts, for scientists to use when they look at populations of organisms in an attempt to find genetic changes that predispose individuals to certain traits, including disease.
How Mutations Occur
Mutations caused by chemicals
Mutations and the environment
Spontaneous mutations
Errors during DNA replication
Mutations, DNA repair, and evolution
Together, these different classes of mutations and their causes serve to place organisms at risk for disease and to provide the raw material for evolution. Thus, mutations are often detrimental to individuals, but they serve to diversify the overall population.
What can SNPs do to wild-type sequences of DNA if they have mutations in base pairing?
Consider the DNA sequences shown below. What type of mutation is evident? [2 pt] wild-type: atg acc ctg ttt tca gtt aat mutant: atg acc ctg act ttt gtt aat translocation duplication inversion deletion
TRUE OR FALSE: 1. Base-pairing rules apply from one DNA strand to its partner, but not along the sugar-phosphate "handrails" of a DNA strand. 2. DNA polymerase cannot copy point mutations, so they are not passed on from parent cells to daughter cells in cell division. 3. It is not possible for a human gene to work in any other organism. 4. Mutations in regulatory DNA sequences may be more important to evolution than mutations in genes. 5. The enzyme...
29,30 and 31 I missing help Study the nucleotide sequences of wild type and its mutant gene below. Wild type: Protein: Mct-Pro-Glu-Pro-Lys-Mct DNA: ATG CCC AAA CCC AAA ATG Mutant: Protein: Met-Pro-Glu-Pro-Lys-Mct DNA: ATG CCC AAA CCC AAA ATG This mutation can best be called: Study the nucleotide sequences of wild type its mutant gene below. Study the nucleotide sequences of wild type its mutant gene below.
Scientists can use mutations in DNA sequences to help estimate the amount of time two species have been independently evolving, e.g., it serves as a "molecular clock". In the activity you studied how this works using numbers and types of mutations for DNA sequences of several related organisms, and saw how this information could help position them along a timeline for the lineage. Which of the below shows the correct position of these DNA sequences? (images for the answers to...
Study the nucleotide sequences of wild type and its mutant gene Wild type: GAACCATG Mutant: GAACATG This mutation can best be called: Study the nucleotide sequences of wild type and its mutant gene below. Wild type: GAACCATG Mutant: GAACATG The mutation can best be called: Study the nucleotide sequences of wild type and its mutant gene below This mutant can best be called:
Question 1 1 pts Why is it important for DNA to have complementary base pairing? O Complementary base pairing allows base pairs to be packed in the most energetically favorable arrangement inside of the double helix structure. O Complementary base pairing will pair a purine with a purine, which are a similar width, thus they are able to hold the sugar-phosphate backbone an equal distance apart along the DNA molecule o Complementary base pairing is only important for maintaining the...
Shown below are the amino acid sequences of the wild-type and three mutant forms of a short protein. Each mutation results from a single nucleotide change (transition/transversion / insertion / deletion). Use this information to answer the following questions. Hint: First, reconstruct as much as you can of the wild-type RNA sequence and then reference that sequence when analyzing the mutations. Wild type: met - gin-ala - ser-val - arg - phe Mutant 1: met - gln - pro-ser -...
Shown below are the amino acid sequences of the wild-type and three mutant forms of a short protein. Each mutation results from a single nucleotide change (transition / transversion / insertion / deletion). Use this information to answer the following questions. Hint: First, reconstruct as much as you can of the wild-type RNA sequence and then reference that sequence when analyzing the mutations. Wild type: met – gln – ala – ser – val – arg – phe Mutant 1:...
3. Below are several DNA sequences that are mutated compared with the wild-type sequence: 3’ - T A C T G A C T G A C G A T C - 5’. Each is a section of a DNA molecule that has separated in preparation for transcription, so you are only seeing the template strand. a. Construct the complementary DNA sequences (indicating 5’ and 3’ ends) for each mutated DNA sequence. b. Transcribe (indicating 5’ and 3’ ends) the...
Below are several DNA sequences that are mutated compared with the wild-type sequence: 3-TAC TGACTGACGAT C-5. Envision that each is a section of a DNA molecule that has separated in preparation for transcription, so you are only seeing the template strand. Construct the complementary DNA sequences (indicating 5' and 3' ends) for each mutated DNA sequence, then transcribe (indicating 5' and 3' ends) the template strands, and translate the mRNA molecules using the genetic code, recording the resulting amino acid...