1) What types of amino acids would you expect to find in the membrane-spanning region(s) of...
1) What types of amino acids would you expect to find in the membrane-spanning region(s) of a membrane protein? Why?
2) What is the connection between “surface area-to-volume ratio” and cell size? Why are unicellular organisms much more limited by this (in general terms, why do they have to be small?)?
3) What is the difference between general transcription factors and transcriptional regulators? If you compared one of each type, which would you expect to be more abundant in a cell? Why?
Homework Answers
ANSWER
1) The membrane spanning regions of a membrane protein are found throughout or into the lipid bilayer structure of the cell membrane. These proteins consist of amino acids that are basically hydrophobic in nature.
Hydrophobic amino acids fear water and are found clustered
together within the lipid bilayer. Transmembrane proteins consists
of 
helices which
include the voltage-gated sodium and potassium ion channels. These
channels consists of hydrophobic amino acids which by their unique
side chains interact with each other by hydrogen bonds and van der
waals forces. They help in folding the structure and keeps it
intact. Hydrophobic amino acids of a transmembrane protein gives
stability to the lipid bilayer structure by clustering together
within the membrane. This hydrophobicity is also important for the
semi-permeable nature of the cell membrane.
Add Answer to:
1) What types of amino acids would you expect to find in
the membrane-spanning region(s) of...
3. The Structure of the acetylcholine receptor is shown below: (A) (B) B Extracellular domain Membrane-spanning...
3. The Structure of the acetylcholine receptor is shown below: (A) (B) B Extracellular domain Membrane-spanning segments Segments Inside the cell 3.A. Knowing the amino acid sequence of this protein, what tool would you use to identify the membrane-spanning region and explain how it works? 3.B. What do you expect the length of the membrane-spanning region to be and why? 3.C. What type of channel is the acetylcholine receptor and what activates it? 3D. Briefly indicate what the role of...
PLEASE ANSWER ALL PARTS. THANK YOU! 6. (10 pts) Membrane spanning regions A. (2 pts) Why...
PLEASE ANSWER ALL PARTS. THANK YOU!
6. (10 pts) Membrane spanning regions A. (2 pts) Why do proteins assume a secondary structure when they traverse the membrane? B. (2 pts) How would you predict the presence of a single membrane spanning a- helix? Be specific. C. (2 pts) What observation would make you conclude that the single membrane spanning a-helix is located in a sphingolipid raft? D. (2 pts) What amino acids are preferentially located at the water-lipid interface? E....
In your membrane fraction that you gently isolated from the cell you have an enzyme activity...
In your membrane fraction that you gently isolated from the cell you have an enzyme activity that you are interested in studying. a. You need to determine if the protein is an integral or peripheral membrane protein. How would you determine this? a. What type of amino acids do you expect if the protein is an integral membrane protein? (list 2 specific amino acids and explain why) TT TT Paragraph Arial 3 (121)
Membrane fluidity for bacteria is critical. What type of fatty acids would you expect bacteria to...
Membrane fluidity for bacteria is critical. What type of fatty acids would you expect bacteria to synthesize as growth temperature increases? Why type of fatty acids would you expect bacteria to synthesize as growth temperature decreases? Why cannot bacteria simply synthesize the same type of fatty acids regardless of temperature?
9) What type of attraction would you expect between the R groups of each of the following amino acids in a tertiary str...
9) What type of attraction would you expect between the R groups of each of the following amino acids in a tertiary structure of a protein? (see Table 16.2) a) proline and phenylalanine b) Aspartate and arginine c) Tyrosine and water d) Cysteine and cysteine e) Serine and tyrosine f) Leucine and alanine 2
9) What type of attraction would you expect between the R groups of each of the following amino acids in a tertiary structure of a protein?...
What type of interaction would you expect between the R groups of the following amino acids...
What type of interaction would you expect between the R groups of the following amino acids in a quaternary structures of glutamate and arginine
3) Antibodies can be membrane-bound or secreted, depending on whether a stretch of additional amino acids...
3) Antibodies can be membrane-bound or secreted, depending on whether a stretch of additional amino acids are present or not. What process do you think determines if these amino acids are present? postranslational covalent attachment of a membrane spanning domain to the antibody alternative RNA splicing phosphorylation polyadenylation ubiquitin addition 10) How does the Cas9 system target where it produces a double-strand break in the DNA? The Cas9 protein binds to a recombinase, allowing it to disable the gene of...
4. A certain protein is known to be embedded within a cell membrane. What type of...
4. A certain protein is known to be embedded within a cell membrane. What type of amino acids would you expect this protein to contain on its surface and why? 5. Structural proteins form the basis for hair and nails and have a high cysteine content. Cysteine side groups (-CH2SH) can react with each other to form disulfide bridge. What type of bonding holds the bridge together? Why is this interaction important for the function of structural proteins? Hemoglobin is...
here would you expect to find a bedrophhobic amino acld like valine? hor of the folded...
here would you expect to find a bedrophhobic amino acld like valine? hor of the folded protein, away from water on the exterior surface of the protein, interacting with water C) in the interior of the folded protein, away from water, or in a tranomembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains D) in the transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains- 20) Which of the following are found in plant, animal, and bacterial cells? A) chloroplasts C) ribosomes...
α-Helices are often membrane spanning structures, that are typically 18-21 amino acids long. What would be...
α-Helices are often membrane spanning structures, that are
typically 18-21 amino acids long. What would be the effect of a
mutation that results in the replacement of 4 valines in the middle
of this helix, by 2 lysines and a 2 histidines? Use figure 5.14
(inserted below) to answer this question.
Noraside in hydrophobic side chain group HON CH CHCH CH CH, CH CM CH HC-01 HUN MN- WN H Glor Maine TALAJ Weline Valor Leucine O hole ale or...
3. The Structure of the acetylcholine receptor is shown below: (A) (B) B Extracellular domain Membrane-spanning segments Segments Inside the cell 3.A. Knowing the amino acid sequence of this protein, what tool would you use to identify the membrane-spanning region and explain how it works? 3.B. What do you expect the length of the membrane-spanning region to be and why? 3.C. What type of channel is the acetylcholine receptor and what activates it? 3D. Briefly indicate what the role of...
PLEASE ANSWER ALL PARTS. THANK YOU!
6. (10 pts) Membrane spanning regions A. (2 pts) Why do proteins assume a secondary structure when they traverse the membrane? B. (2 pts) How would you predict the presence of a single membrane spanning a- helix? Be specific. C. (2 pts) What observation would make you conclude that the single membrane spanning a-helix is located in a sphingolipid raft? D. (2 pts) What amino acids are preferentially located at the water-lipid interface? E....
In your membrane fraction that you gently isolated from the cell you have an enzyme activity that you are interested in studying. a. You need to determine if the protein is an integral or peripheral membrane protein. How would you determine this? a. What type of amino acids do you expect if the protein is an integral membrane protein? (list 2 specific amino acids and explain why) TT TT Paragraph Arial 3 (121)
9) What type of attraction would you expect between the R groups of each of the following amino acids in a tertiary structure of a protein? (see Table 16.2) a) proline and phenylalanine b) Aspartate and arginine c) Tyrosine and water d) Cysteine and cysteine e) Serine and tyrosine f) Leucine and alanine 2
9) What type of attraction would you expect between the R groups of each of the following amino acids in a tertiary structure of a protein?...
4. A certain protein is known to be embedded within a cell membrane. What type of amino acids would you expect this protein to contain on its surface and why? 5. Structural proteins form the basis for hair and nails and have a high cysteine content. Cysteine side groups (-CH2SH) can react with each other to form disulfide bridge. What type of bonding holds the bridge together? Why is this interaction important for the function of structural proteins? Hemoglobin is...
here would you expect to find a bedrophhobic amino acld like valine? hor of the folded protein, away from water on the exterior surface of the protein, interacting with water C) in the interior of the folded protein, away from water, or in a tranomembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains D) in the transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains- 20) Which of the following are found in plant, animal, and bacterial cells? A) chloroplasts C) ribosomes...
α-Helices are often membrane spanning structures, that are
typically 18-21 amino acids long. What would be the effect of a
mutation that results in the replacement of 4 valines in the middle
of this helix, by 2 lysines and a 2 histidines? Use figure 5.14
(inserted below) to answer this question.
Noraside in hydrophobic side chain group HON CH CHCH CH CH, CH CM CH HC-01 HUN MN- WN H Glor Maine TALAJ Weline Valor Leucine O hole ale or...
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