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Discuss the nature and importance of learning, and describe how one may use the principles of...

Discuss the nature and importance of learning, and describe how one may use the principles of learning theories we discussed to break a habit.

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Learning is defined as a change in behavior resulting from
repeated practice. The principles of learning are always operat-
ing and always influencing human activity. Learning principles
are often deeply involved in the etiology and maintenance of psy-
chiatric disorders because so much of human behavior (including
overt behavior, thought patterns, and emotion) is acquired through
learning. Learning processes also strongly influence psychother-
apy because human behavior changes. Thus, learning principles
can influence the effectiveness of therapy.

Operant conditioning, developed by B.F. Skinner occurs when a behavior (instead of a stimulus) is associated with a psychologically significant event.

When the action leads to a positive outcome, the action is strengthened; conversely, when the action leads to a negative outcome, we have punishment, and the action is weakened.

In a similar manner, when an action decreases the probability of a positive event, behavior also declines. (Such a procedure is now widely known as time-out from reinforcement.) This particular principle can be used to break a habit.

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