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Discuss the most likely infectious diseases to be present in developing countries (pick a country). What...

Discuss the most likely infectious diseases to be present in developing countries (pick a country). What are they? How do the causative agents create disease? What is the route of transmission or infection? What can be done to prevent or limit the disease?

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Answer #1

• Country India

• Most likely infectious diseases in developing countries like India are:

  1. Tuberculosis
  2. Malaria
  3. Dengue
  4. AIDS
  5. Polio
  6. Typhoid
  7. Hepatitis
  8. Jaundice
  9. Cholera
  10. Measles

• Causative agents create these diseases by the given steps:

Step I : Healthy individual comes in contact with the causative agent which is either shed by an infected person or is present in the atmosphere i.e. air, water etc.

Step II: Causative agent is then transferred into the body of the individual through different route e.g. oral, nasal etc.

Step III: After getting an access to the human body, the causative agent starts multiplying and establishes a site called as site of infection.

Step IV: After attaining a specific concentration, the causative agent starts spreading either it's toxin into the whole body or get spread throughout the whole body itself.

• Route of transmission/infection:

There are 6 ways by which causative agent enters into the human body.

  1. Direct contact: When a healthy person comes in direct contact (physical) of an infected person is known as direct contact infection.
  2. Indirect contact: When a healthy person comes in contact with an object which was previously infected by the infected person, he/she tends to acquire the infection is known as indirect contact infection.
  3. Droplet infection: When the causative agent is released into the air in the form of droplets by coughing or sneezing of an infected person and a healthy person comes in contact with the same is known as droplet infection.
  4. Airborne infection: When the causative agent is suspended in the air ( smaller size than that of droplets ) and a healthy person comes in contact with the same is known as airborne infection.
  5. Common vehicle infection: When an infection occurs through contaminated source e.g. food, fluid or syringes is known as common vehicle infection.
  6. Vector borne infection: Infection that occurs with the help of vectors like animals or insects is called as vector borne infection.

• Various measures can be taken to prevent or limit these diseases:

  1. Immunization
  2. Awareness programme
  3. Cheap or free treatment
  4. Cleanliness and hygiene programme
  5. Counseling of infected person about the measures they should take to prevent the spreading of the disease as well as that of the healthy people around them.
  6. Sex education at school level
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