Question

Use the information and data you gathered during the lab to answer the following questions.

1. Describe the materials you chose for each structure in your cell models and briefly explain why you chose that particular material.

Chromosomes:

Nuclear envelope:

Centrioles:

Spindle:

2. When looking at the onion slide under the microscope, what stage were the majority of the cells in? Why do you think that is?

3. What evidence from the onion root slide shows that mitosis is a continuous process, not a series of discrete separate events?

4. The onion plant you examined began as a single cell. That cell had 16 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in each of the cells that you observed? How do you know?

5. When this onion reproduces sexually, it will need to produce gametes through the process of meiosis. After meiosis, how many chromosomes would be in each sex cell?

6. Which stage of mitosis is the easiest (in your opinion) to see on the onion root slide? What about it makes it easy to identify?

7. What did you find most helpful about modeling the processes of mitosis and meiosis? What did you find most challenging?

8. Examine your models and the background information about mitosis and meiosis to figure out the similarities and differences between the two processes. Describe at least two similarities and two differences.

Answer 1

Q-1) :

1) Chromosomes:

• Chromosomes are thread-like structures in which DNA is tightly packaged within the nucleus.
• DNA is coiled around proteins called histones, which provide the structural support.
• Chromosomes help ensure that DNA is replicated and distributed appropriately during cell division.

2) Nuclear envelope:

• The nuclear envelope, also known as the nuclear membrane, is made up of two lipid bilayer membranes which in eukaryotic cells surrounds the nucleus, which encases the genetic material.

• The nuclear envelope consists of two lipid bilayer membranes, an inner nuclear membrane, and an outer nuclear membrane.

   3) Centrioles:

• A centriole is an organelle that helps cells divide, or make copies of themselves.
• Centrioles are only found in animal cells. All centrioles are made of protein strands called microtubules.
• Centrioles are made of nine triplets of microtubules arranged in a cylinder.

   4) Spindle:

• n cell biology, the spindle apparatus (or mitotic spindle) refers to the cytoskeletal structure of eukaryotic cells that forms.
• during cell division to separate sister chromatids between daughter cells. ... Besides chromosomes, the spindle apparatus is composed of hundreds of proteins.

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