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1. briefly describe the structure of chromatin. 2.Explain how DNA gyrase works 3. sketch a typical...

1. briefly describe the structure of chromatin.
2.Explain how DNA gyrase works
3. sketch a typical Cloverleaf structure for transfer RNA. Point out any similarities between the cloverleaf pattern and the proposed structures of ribosomal RNA.
4. which type of RNA has the least amount of secondary structure?

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Answer #1

1. Chromatin is genetic material composed of DNA and proteins and it condenses to form chromosomes. It is located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. so, it is a complex of DNA and protein and primary function in packaging long DNA molecule into a dense, compact structure.

Component of chromatin is histone proteins which bind to DNA and forms nucleosomes. This is followed by a higher level of packaging.

2. DNA gyrase

It is a bacterial enzyme which catalyzes the negative supercoiling of ds closed circular DNA. It belongs to the enzymatic class of topoisomerases.

Mechanism – gyrase contains 2 subunits: subunit A and subunit B.

Subunit A nicks the double-stranded DNA, subunit B introduces negative supercoils and then A reseals the ends.

3.

Similarity b/w tRNA and rRNA –

They are encoded by genes in the nucleus

Composed of adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil

They do not work with DNA.

4. messenger RNA has the least amount of secondary structure i.e. hydrogen bonding. In contrast rRNA and tRNA have an important role and selection is acting to maintain the secondary structure.

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