Question

Draw the product that is formed when the compound shown below is treated with an excess of HCl. Draw only the organic ion. why is my drawing wrong

Draw the product that is formed when the compound shown below is treated with an excess of HCl. Draw only the organic ion. why is my drawing wrong

Answer 1

Concepts and reason

• An organic reaction is classified into four types: addition, substitution, elimination, and rearrangement reactions.

• The substitution reaction is one class of organic reaction in which one group present in the chemical compound is replaced by another group.

• The mechanism of substitution reaction goes through the removal of the leaving group, the formation of an intermediate ( only), and the attack of the nucleophile.

Fundamentals

Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction:

It is the first-order reaction; the rate of the reaction depends only on the concentration of the substrate (electrophile) only. Weak nucleophiles (neutral) are preferred to be used in this reaction, and the reactivity order of the substrate is as follows:

.

Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction:

It is the second-order reaction; the rate of the reaction depends on the concentration and structure of the substrate (electrophile) and the concentration of the nucleophile. Strong nucleophiles (bearing negative charge) are preferred to be used in this reaction, and the reactivity order of substrate is as follows:

oNucleophile: Nucleophiles are species that donate an electron pair and are also termed as electron-hating species.

oElectrophile: Electrophiles are species that accept an electron pair and are also termed as electron-loving species.

oSubstrate: The substrate is a chemical species reacting with the reagent to convert it to a product.

oRate-limiting step: The rate limiting step (or rate determining step) is the slowest step of the reaction; the overall rate of the rate of the reaction depends on the slowest step of the reaction.

oLeaving group: It is a part of the substitution reaction; the elimination of the leaving group with a pair of electrons takes place on the attacking of the nucleophile.

oCarbocation: Carbocation is an organic intermediate ion that refers to the carbon atom bearing a single positive charge. Instead of four bonds, the positive-charged carbon contains only three bonds. These intermediates are unstable but very reactive.

The stability of carbocation:

Tertiary carbocation is a more stable carbocation because it is surrounded by three electron-donating methyl groups to stabilize it.

The reaction between an alkyl halide and water in the presence of excess through is shown below:

The reaction between an alkyl halide and water in the presence of excess is shown below:

The organic ion formed in the above reaction is shown below:

Protonated alcohol

Ans:

The only organic ion formed in the reaction is shown below: