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II. Describe the financial ratios that are supposed to gauge a firms ability to fulfill its debt obligations. You are supposed to explain the rationale behind these ratios. If the firm has also issued bonds, what items on its financial reports do you need to look at in order to analyze its default risk on the bonds?
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Answer #1

Some of the financial ratios that help gauge a firms ability to fulfill debt obligations are:

1.Debt equity ratio: This ratio compares the portion of debt to equity of the firm. It helps in understanding the firm has financed its operations more through debt or equity. If the ratio is higher, it indicates that the firm is overleveraged.

2.Debt service coverage ratio : This ratio helps in analyzing if the firm is earning enough to fulfill its debt payments i.e. interest and other obligations.

3.Debt ratio : It indicates the total liabilities to the total assets of a firm i.e. the portion of the assets financed by debt. A lower ratio is generally considered healthy.

4. Current ratio : This ratio helps in analyzing if the firm is able to fulfill its short term liabilities and has enough liquidity.

A default risk on bonds can be judged through the cash flow statement of the firm. If the firm has weak cash flows , then the default risk is said to be high. Also , if the above mentioned ratios are adverse ,then the risk is also higher.

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