Ans) At equilibrium quantity demanded is equal to quantity supplied. This is market clearing point.
When price is above equilibrium price, there is surplus or excess supply.
When price is below equilibrium price, there is shortage or excess demand.
Here, equilibrium price is $40.
At price of $20, there will be shortage of÷
Qd= 200 units
Qs= 100 units.
Shortage = Qd-Qs = 200-100 = 100 units.
Option b
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