Question

Please write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Case Study: You are working in the ICU. Your current patient was in a nasty car acident last night dropping liters on the pavement), i is now 12 hours later and your patient is starting to stabilize. One way to do this is to do a blood trans fusion: Consider Part 1: Your patient's blood pressure is low, it is at 104/60. This effects the Starling forces at the capillary. The arteriole blood pressure is 30 mmHg and venous pressure is 12 mmHg. Because they replaced volume with ringers and plasma instead of while blood, so their blood oncotic pressure is a little low at 25 mmHg. The hydrostatic pressure in the tissues remains at 0 mmHg, and the tissue oncotic pressure is still at 3 mmHg. A) Calculate the pressures of filtration at the arteriole end and reabsorption at the venous end of the capillary B) What is the net pressure? C) What does this mean for the net flow of water? What will this do for the blood volume? Part 2: Your patient has lost a lot of blood. Because his blood type was unknown at first they did a ringers and then plasma replacement for volume instead of whole blood. This moming's complete blood cell count showed a hematocrit of 37% They determined that his blood type was B- Two of his siblings showed up to donate blood. His sister is type O-; and his brother is type A+, D) How is this possible? Draw the genetic squares (one for AB0 and one for Rh +/ to show what genetic types the parents must be. What is the 4th possible genetic type? E) Which sibling is the better blood donor? Why? F) During traumatic shock the body undergoes a sever loss of blood volume. What would this loss of blood volume do to the blood pressure? How might the body try and compensate for the loss in pressure in terms of blood vessels and cardiac effornt? What will happen to the overall blood flow?

Answer 1

Part 1:

A, capillary hydrostatic pressure:

Pressure from fluid out of the capillary that is filtration it will be highest at arterioles end of the capillary and lowest at the venular end..It depends on organ presssure it may drop the length of the capillary by 15- 30mmHg..Avarage capillary pressure determined by arterial and venous pressure (Pa and PV) and by the ratio of post - to-precapillary resistance (RV/RA)..preassure influenced by changes in PV than by Pa..Pc increased by precapillary vasodilation and vasoconstriction decrease Pc.. venous constriction increase Pc and venous dilation decrease Pc.The effects on arterial and venous end pressure and resistance on Pc.Tissue oncotic pressure determined by the amount of fluid filtration into the interstitium..If high capillary filtration is there it decrease interstitial protein concentration and reduces the oncotic pressure..Due to reduce interstitial oncotic pressure it increases the net osmotic pressure..This stop the filtration and promotes reabsorption, this mechanism limits capillary pressure. pressure filtration calcuted by arteriolar end of capillary - venular end of capillary = hydrostatic pressure

30 -12= 18mmHg

B, net pressure is a interaction of the hydrostatic and osmotic pressure driving fluid out of the capillary.

C, net flow of water is a net movement like cell, organism or ecosystem..There will be some movement of water into the cell..A cell placed in pure water may have net positive flow.. Because water flow into the cell and value of this flow will be more than the flow of molecules out of the cell..This volume of water more from higher pressure in a capillary to lower pressure in the tissues by filtration..This fluid transport between capillary and tissue is hydrostatic pressure..

Blood hydrostatic pressure in the blood or heart chambers and pressure against the wall of a capillary is capillary hydrostatic pressure..osmotic pressure in blood and tissue fluid and plasma protein is important and due to large size and chemical structure, plasma protein are not truly solutes .In plasma proteins blood can not move through semipermeable capillary cell membrane due to this blood has a high collidal concentration and low water concentration than tissue fluid..when blood leaving arterioles and enters a capillary bed capillary hydrostatic pressure will be high about 35mmHg..Then CHP blood goes by the capillary that time CHP dropped around 18mmHg..