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How will net income under variable costing compare to net income under absorption costing in the following three situations?

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A,B,C that would be great thank you.

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  1. Units Produced Equals Units Sold: There is No ending Inventory in this situation and therefore the Net Income under Absorption costing and the Net Income under variable costing would be the same. It has the same effect on the net income in both absorption costing and variable costing i.e whether the fixed overhead is treated as a product cost under absorption costing or expensed out under variable costing.
  1. Units Produced Exceed Units Sold: In this case since the Production in the period exceeds the sales, there is an ending inventory of unsold inventory. In this case the net operating income under absorption costing is higher than the net operating income under variable costing. This is because fixed manufacturing overhead is a part of the ending inventory under absorption costing system. Since the ending inventory absorbs an amount of fixed manufacturing overhead and thereby decreases the burden that the fixed costs have in the current period. This has the effect of transferring a part of the fixed cost that relates to the current period by transferring that part of the fixed cost to the next period.Under variable costing, the fixed manufacturing overhead cost is not considered as a part of in the product cost but charged to the income statement of the current relevant period completely. That is to say that no part of the fixed cost is considered as a part of the closing or ending inventory.
  1. Units Produced are less than Units Sold: In this situation there is no Ending Inventory as there is unsatisfied demand at the end of the current period. Therefore the Net Income under Absorption costing and the Net Income under variable costing would be the same.
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