Question

10) 3. fa secondary stereochemical time. a t th organe starting material or solvents

2&3

Answer 1

2. Equilibrium is a thermodynamic parameter. The energy change that actually determines equilibrium is the Gibbs' free energy change of the reaction. In a reaction there is an enthalpy change associated, $\Delta H$ and entropy change associated $\Delta S$. $\Delta G=\Delta H -T\Delta S$ is the common effect of the both. Activation energy gives the measure of kinetics of reaction.

3. S_N2 reaction occurs when the nucleophile attacks from the opposite side of the C-X bond. So, the orientation of C-Nu bond with respect ot other bonds will now be the opposite of that of C-X bond. That will eventually reverse the stereo configuration. So, 100% optically pure compound will be converted to 100% optically pure compound but dextrorotatory will be leavorotatory and vice versa.