Question

18) What is the strongest intermolecular force is the strongest intermolecular force in a liquid containing molecules with H-O bonds? A) covalent bonds B) dipole forces C) dispersion forces D) hydrogen bonds E) none of the above Section: 11.2 The Intermolecular Bond Concept 19) Consider the following liquids with similar molar masses. Predict which has the strongest intermolecular attraction based only on boiling point data. A) butyl alcohol (Bp @ 760 mm Hg = 117 °C) B) ethyl ether (Bp @ 760 mm Hg = 35 °C) C) pentane (Bp @ 760 mm Hg = 36 "C) D) propionic acid (Bp @ 760 mm Hg = 141 C) E) propyl chloride (Bp @ 760 mm Hg = 47 °C) Section: 11.3 Vapor Pressure, Boiling Point, Viscosity, and Surface Tension 20) Which of the following is an observed property of solids? A) Solids have a variable shape and fixed volume. B) Solids can have noncrystalline structures. C) Solids compress and expand significantly. D) Solids are usually less dense than liquids. E) none of the above Section: 11.4 Properties of Solids 21) Which of the following types of crystalline solids have ions arranged in regular geometric patterns? A) ionic B) metallic C) molecular D) all of the above E) none of the above Section: 11.5 Crystalline Solids 22) Which of the following types of crystalline solids have metal atoms arranged in regular geometric patterns? A) ionic B) metallic C) molecular D) all of the above

Answer 1

Answer:-

(18)-

The strongest intermolecular force is hydrogen bonds in a liquid containing molecules with H-O bonds because there are two types of intermolecular forces exist in liquid which are given below

(I)- Van der waals force of attraction :- These are short attractive weak intermolecular forces which exist in both polar and non polar molecules.

(II)- Hydrogen bonds :- This type of intermolecular force is strong as compared to the van der waals force of attraction. it exist only in those liquid compounds which must have atleast one of the them  N, O and F atom in their structure because only N, O and F can forms strong hydrogen bonds because they have high value of electronegativity and small size.

therefore the strongest intermolecular force in a liquid containing molecules with H-O bonds is hydrogen bonds.

^$\delta$-O- H^$\delta$+------------^$\delta$-O- H^$\delta$+------------^$\delta$-O- H^$\delta$+------------^$\delta$-O- H^$\delta$+------------^$\delta$-O- H^$\delta$+------------^$\delta$-O- H^$\delta$+

Hydrogen bonding in a liquid containing molecules with H-O bonds

So correct option is 'D' i.e hydrogen bonds.

(19)-

As we know that boiling point of the liquids depends upon the intermolecular attractive forces among the liquid molecules. Intermolecular forces generally increase with increase in molecular weight of liquid compound. The boiling point of liquid is also rise with strength of intermolecular attractive forces among the liquid therefore boiling point of liquid is increase with increase in strength of intermolecular attractive forces among the liquid molecules. So propionic acid ( Bp @ 760 mm Hg = 141 ⁰C) has strongest intermolecular attraction between the liquid molecules

So correct option is 'D' i.e propionic acid ( Bp @ 760 mm Hg = 141 ⁰C).

(20)-

As we know that a solid is that form of matter in which the constituents ( atoms , ions or molecules) units are closely packed and are unable to move . It possesses rigidity and hence a definite shape and volume. They are incompressible and highly dense as compared to the liquid because they have short intermolecular distance and very strong intermolecular forces. They may be exist in variable shape and size.

So correct option is 'A' i.e solid have a variable shape and fixed volume.

(21)-

As we know that the crystalline solids is types of solids in which constituents ( atoms , ions or molecules) units are arranged in an orderly manner which repeat itself over a very long distance i.e they have a long range order. crystalline solids is divided into four categories on the basis of their constituent particles and nature of binding force.

(a)- Molecular solids:- crystalline solid in which constituent particles are molecules and nature of binding forces is van der waals force of attraction e.g. solid CO₂ , ice etc.

(b)- Ionic solids :- crystalline solid in which constituent particles are ions and nature of binding forces is strong electrostatic force of attraction i.e ionic bond e.g. NaCl , KCl etc.

(c)- Covalent solids :- crystalline solid in which constituent particles are atoms and nature of binding forces is covalent bond e.g. Diamond , graphite etc.

(d)- Metallic solids :- crystalline solid in which constituent particles are metal ions and electrons and nature of binding forces is metallic bonding e.g. Mg, Al , Ag, Fe etc.

So correct option is 'A' i.e ionic.

(22)-

As we know that metallic solids are those crystalline solids in which constituent particles are metal ions and electrons or metal atom and nature of binding forces is metallic bonding e.g. Mg, Al , Ag, Fe etc.

So correct option is 'B' i.e metallic.