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Emphasis Heading 2 Heading 3 LO3. How do you record transactions? a) In your own words, define the following terms: a. Source documents b. Journal c. Posting b) What are the steps for journalizing and posting? LO4. What is the trial balance? a) In your own words, what is a trial balance? LO5. Use the debt ratio to evaluate business performance Write the formula for the debt ratio. a) b) What does the debt ratio show?
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LO3. ----------?
1). Source documents:
A source document is the original record containing the details to substantiate a transaction entered in an accounting system. For example, a company's source document for the recording of merchandise purchased is the supplier's invoice supported by the company's purchase order and receiving ticket.

2). Journal:
In accounting and bookkeeping, a journal is a record of financial transactions in order by date. Traditionally, a journal has been defined as the book of original entry. A journal entry, into accounting, is the logging of a transaction in accounting journal items. The journal entry can consist of several recordings, each of which is either a debit or a credit. The total of the debits must equal the total of the credits or the journal entry is said to be "unbalanced".

3). Posting:
Posting in accounting is when the balances in sub-ledgers and the general journal are shifted into the general ledger. Posting only transfers the total balance in a sub-ledger into the general ledger, not the individual transactions in the sub-ledger.

What are the steps for journalizing and posting:
Step 1: Identify the accounts and the account type.
Step 2: Decide if each account increases or decreases using the rules of debits and credits.
Step 3: Record transactions in the journal using journal entries.
Step 4: Post the journal entry to the ledger. Step 5: Determine whether the accounting equation is in balance.

LO4. ------------?
A) What is trial balance?
Trial Balance is a list of closing balances of ledger accounts on a certain date and is the first step towards the preparation of financial statements. It is usually prepared at the end of an accounting period to assist in the drafting of financial statements.


LO5. -------------?
Debt Ratio = Total Liabilities /
Total assets

Make sure you use the total liabilities and the total assets in your calculation. The debt ratio shows the overall debt burden of the company—not just the current debt.

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