Question

The internal energy, U, is the total energy of a system. For any isolated system, the internal energy is constant. U is a state function, meaning that any path used in calculating AU ill result in the same answer. For any pure substance or fixed mixture of substances, the internal energy, U, can be determined from any two of the variablesP, V, and T. It is often most convenient to choose V and T as the variables. It is helpful, then, to examine how U depends on V and T independently. Because U is a state function, AU only depends on Vi,T and Vf.T The cyclic rule can be used to rewrite the differential in terms of the information available. Recall that the cyclic rule uses each variable in the numerator once, in the denominator once, and as the fixed value once. So for variables , y, and z, it would be written as ()( 1

Answer 1

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