Question

12. The only finding in Table 2 that is statistically significant (p<0.05) using the fully-adjusted model is:

a. Personally applying residential pesticides most or all of the time

b. Ever exposed to residential pesticides on a monthly basis

c. Not living on a farm or near a farm

D. Both A and B are correct

d.

Table2. Childhood Residential Factors, Potential Pesticide Exposures, and Association With Rheumatoid Arthritis Sister Study, United States, 2004-2009 Case Patients Patients (n 48,919) Fully Adjusted Age Adjusted Longest Residence to Age 14Years RA (n 424) %OR 95% CI OR 95% Cl Residential area Urban Suburban/other Small town Rural 25 10,921 23 12 0.93,1.6 1.2 0.89,1.6 98 23 13,488 28 1.0 Referent .0 Referent 25 12,467 26 1.1 0.84,1.5 1.1 0.81,1.5 26 11,190 23 1.3 0.95,1.7 1.2 0.91,1.6 107 Near or on a farm or orchard Not a farm/not near a farm Near a farm Used to be a farm On an active farm 242 64 28,112 64 1.0 Referent 1.0 Referent 6,024 14 1.0 0.77,1.4 1.1 0.82,1.5 2,9087 0.87 0.55,1.4 0.96 0.60,1.5 6,822 16 1.0 0.76,1.3 1.0 0.75,1.4 53 21 65 17 Source of drinking water City/town water supphy Private/community well, other 123 2911,972 25 1.2 0.96,1.5 1.2 0.92,1.4 295 71 35,637 75 1.0 Referent 1.0 Referent Residential pesticide use 73 33,515 76 1.0 Referent 1.0 Referent 102 27 10,340 24 1.3 1.0,1.6 1.2 0.92,1.6 Ever Frequency Less than monthly Monthly At least weekly 7,401 17 1.1 0.85,1.5 0.85, 1.5 1.0,2.6 662 2 1.7 0.88, 3.4 1.4 0.69,2.9 1,765 4 2.1 1.4, 3.1 1.6 Personally applied 84 9,17621 12 0.95,1.6 1.2 0.91, 1.5 971 2 1.40.72,2.6 1.1 0.53,2.2 Some of the time 10 3 Most or all the time 3.0, 12.6 4.72.2,10.0 Combined exposure leve Indirect and infrequent Indirect and frequent Direct and infrequent Direct and frequent 53 6,746 14 1.1 0.78,1.4 0.80,1.5 6 1,947 4 1.8 1.2,2.7 1.5 0.97,2.4 647 1 1.9 0.95,3.6 1.6 0.83, 3.9 1.3, 4.9 1.8 0.82, 3.9 2 9 476 1 2.5 P for trend 0.0001 0.013 Abbreviations: Cl, confidence interval; OR, odds ratios; RA, rheumatoid arthritis. Models were adjusted for age, race or ethnicity, college education, pack-years of smoking, and childhood socio- economic status score (numbers are reduced because of missing covariate data for 37 case patients and 3,232 non- case patients) b Numbers do not add to the total number of cases because of missing data for 2 case patients (0.5%) and 853 non- case patients (2%). Percentages do not add to 100 because of rounding. Numbers do not add to the total number of cases because of missing data on childhood farm residence for 43 case patients (10%) and 5,053 noncase patients (10%). Percentages are based on nonmissing data and do not add to 100 because of rounding d Numbers do not add to the total number of cases because of missing data for 6 case patients (1%) and 1 ,310 non- case patients (3%). Percentages are based on nonmissing data. Numbers do not add to the total number of cases because of missing data on childhood residential pesticide use for 47 case patients (11 %) and 5,064 noncase patients (10%), on frequency for an additional 4 case patients (1 %) and 512 noncase patients (1%), and on personal use for an additional 22 noncase patients (0%). Percentages are based on nonmissing data. Direct refers to having applied pesticide personally some or most of the time; indirect refers to others having applied pesticide; frequent refers to having applied pesticide at least monthly; infrequent refers to having applied pesti- cide less often than monthly

Answer 1

Considering the test to be a Normal population test, we have only A part as statistically significant. For the 95% Confidence Interval, we have the upper tail as 1.96 in case of two tailed Normal test.

The Confidence interval for part A is (2.2, 10). Hence it exceeds the Confidence region and lies in the critical region and hence is statistically significant.

However, we have no significant proof to show B part as significant