Question

2 .1 . 3. ..4... .6 21. List the cardinal symptoms of Parkinson's disease (p. 256 Parkinson's Disease) 22. Explain which neurons degenerate in Parkinson's disease (p. 257 Pathophysiology) 23. Explain the advantages of combining levodopa with carbidopa (p. 258 Dopaminergics) 24. List the four main types of side effects of carbidopa-levodopa (p. 262 Side Effects) 25. Explain the action of rivastigmine and describe how effective it is at treating Alzheimers (p. 264 Rivastigmine) 26 List the first 3 side effects listed for rivastigmine Drug Chart

Answer 1

di) Four Symptoms are considered as Cardinal Symptoms # Boadycardia * Tremer * Rigidity * postural Instability Neurone of Substantia nigaa par compacta and Straital neurons are degenarate in parkinson's ditate! 23) T > Levodopa Causes nausea, it given, but combination of Celoodopa and carbidopa prevents haurea. + Carbidopa is also a enhancer of levodopa. + Carbidopa Causes inhibition of dopamine decarboxglave that convert the levodopa to dopamine, there by increasing levodopa levels in the plasma. + Carbidopa increases Bro availability of levodopa.

24) * * * constipation Muscle pain * * Dizziners Blurred vision Dry mouth Vomiting Heart burn * * 25) +Rivastigmine inhibits anti-choline esterase enzyme and butyrylcholinesterase. i → Rivastigmine is more Selective of the GI isoform of Acetylcholineesterase which is majorly present in baaln. Rivastigmine introduces a carobamyl residue

into Anticholinesterases, which dissosiates slowly - leading to inhibition of Cerebral Anticholinesterase 26) * Loss of appetite * Vomiting . * Weight loss • Nausea * Weakness upset Stomach * *