Question

24. You appraise a correlational study examining chocolate consumption and infant mortality rates. Results indicate that as chocolate consumption increases, infant mortality also increases. You can safely conclude that: a. chocolate consumption causes infant mortality b. infant mortality causes chocolate consumption c. pregnant woman should be advised to avoid chocolate d. further research is needed before this could be applied in practice 25. Experts rate questions on an instrument as to whether or not the questions sample the phenomenon being measured. This is: 00 a. Criterion-related validity b. Content validity c. Predictive validity d. Construct validity Se 18 6

Answer 1

24.   In any study we need to analyse the variables along with controls. Variables should be similar in age, sex, other criteria like scores at birth,any disease present in them ,diabetes, any metabolic diseses present etc. Whether the groups of infant who is chocolate taking all are similar types or they have any difference in their physical condition should be analysed.and a control group is needed and then hypothesis to be done.The initial criteria for making any comparison is to assess the comparability between any study and control group.

So from this study the conclusion can be done that further research is needed.

And a particular comparable study group with similar control group.to be analysed LIKES COMPARED WITH LIKES. Otherwise IT IS A BIASED STUDY.

25. Criterion validity defines the relation between the score of an instrument with some external criteria. An accepted measure is the criterion measured with the similar characteristic of the assessment tool.(gold standard).If criterion is measured in the future which means a test is applied and results are compared with a criterion applied afterwards it is predictive validity.