English Passages and questions :-
Topic
"What am I reading about?" "Who or what is this paragraph about?"
A noun or noun phrase that captures the subject matter of the writing.
The topic is the subject of the text.
Topic can be expressed in only a few words.
EX: Topic Sentence: "There are many reasons why pollution in ABC Town is the worst in the world."
The TOPIC is "Pollution" or "pollution in ABC Town is the worst in the world"
Controlling Idea/Main Idea
"What is important to know about the topic?"
The main point trying to be made about a text.
EX: Topic Sentence: There are many possible contributing factors to global warming.
The topic is "global warming" and the CONTROLLING IDEA is "contributing factors."
EX: Topic Sentence: Dogs make wonderful pets because they help you to live longer.
The topic is "dogs make wonderful pets" and the CONTROLLING IDEA is "because they help you to live longer."
Key Ideas/Supporting Details
Support the point the author is trying to make.
Proves the point or expands on the main idea.
Supporting details develop the passage through
- Explanation
- Elaboration
- Clarification
Supporting Details. They come after the topic sentence, making up the body of a paragraph. They give details to develop and support the main idea of the paragraph.
EX: There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world. First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live. As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live.
SUPPORTING DETAILS: "First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live."
Logical Conclusion
"What can I assume based on what I just read?"
-Logical conclusion is reading between the lines of what is is stated in the passage.
-Combining the information in the passage with what you already know.
-It must be supported BY the text. DO NOT choose answers that are not supported by the text.
It must be logically made from the available information.
EX: "For instance, if you know a series of facts about your friend Jane's current purse, you can then look at those facts to draw a conclusion. The facts might be that the purse looks discolored and damaged, she has enough money to buy a new purse and she is in the purse aisle of a store. From that series of facts, you could conclude she will buy a new purse. However, while you could draw the conclusion that Jane will buy a new purse based on the facts you know, there is still no inference to suggest she has made the decision to buy a purse. Even if the facts suggest a logical concluding point of a purse purchase, the actual decision may not reflect the conclusion you draw."
Read the passage below before answering the question.
Job Announcement
DD&P Industries is currently seeking friendly, motivated individuals to fill entry-level positions in its call center.
DD&P is an industry leader in the manufacture and servicing of medical equipment. We are committed to providing excellent customer service and dedicated to hiring individuals with top-notch communication skills.
DD&P offers flexible work schedules with daytime, evening, weekend, and holiday shifts. We offer competitive pay and benefits packages, including medical/dental, 401(k), and profit sharing (after a year of employment).
Compensation: Hourly
Responsibilities:
Providing professional customer service for incoming calls regarding products and services
Understanding and communicating product and service information
Routing calls to appropriate sources
Handing customer complaints
Qualifications:
Good communication skills
Ability to type 60 wpm
Working knowledge of basic PC applications (Word, Outlook, etc.)
Previous costumer service experience preferred
23.Which of the following statements is a logical conclusion based on the job announcement?
A. This position will be involved in formulating communications for marketing purposes.
B. Applicants for this position must have previous experience in the health care industry.
(C.) Applicants for this position must have effective telephone communication skills.
D. This position includes a requirement to work on weekend and during holidays.
Inference/Infer/Inferred
An inference is a suggested idea based on details and evidence in a passage.
You can use these details to generate additional information and draw a more accurate conclusion.
The information is implied but not written out-right or in an obvious way.
EX: "For instance, from your inference about the water damage to Jane's current purse, you might come to the conclusion she will want to purchase a purse that is more resilient against water damage. By using inferences to gain more information, you can draw conclusions that may be more accurate and more specific. Instead of just drawing the conclusion Jane will purchase a new purse, you now can predict which kind of purse she will purchase."
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