Question

For this module's discussion, research one of the following: Hyperlipidemia and Hypertension

In your initial post: Provide a brief description of the condition you selected and its symptoms.

Identify medications that are commonly prescribed for its treatment.

Be sure to include both generic and trade names.

Explain how the medication is administered.

Identify diagnostic tests that are performed on patients during treatment of the condition.

Answer 1

Answer :

Hypertension :

Definition : hypertension is also known as high blood pressurec,is a long term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.

The SBP will be more than or equal to 140 mmhg and DBP will be more than or equal to 90 mmof hg.

Etiology :

Primary HTN : it is the elevation in BP without an identified cause.

Secondary HTN : it is the elevation in BP with an exact cause .this type is account For 5-10% of total cases.

Risk factors :

• Age : chance of CAD after 50 years of age .
• Alcohol ,smoking and DM.
• Excessive dietary intake of sodium .
• Gender
• Family history .
• Obesity
• Sedentary life style
• Renal disease .
• Endocrine disorders like brain tumours and head injury .
• Sleep apnea .
• Medications like oral contraceptives ,NSAIDS , coccaine .
• Cirrhosis of liver
• Hypertension is a common condition in which the long term force of the blood against artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems such as heart disease.
• Blood pressure is determined byboth the amount of blood heart pumps and the amount of resistance to blood flow in arteries .more blood heart pumps and the narrower arteries ,the higher blood pressure.
• High blood pressure generally develops over many years and it affects nearly everyone eventually .fortunately ,high bp can be easily detected

Signs and symptoms :

Sometimes the high bp does not causes any symptoms ,so that it is known as silent killer disease.

• Headache
• Light headedness
• Vertigo
• Tinnitus
• Altered vision or fainting episodes .
• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Vomitings .
• Fatigue
• Chest pain.
• Confusion epistaxis .
• Shortness of breath .
• Irregular heart beat.
• Papilledema

Medications commonly prescribed:

Antihypertensive drugs :

Diuretics : it helps the kidney to inhibit the sodium reabsorptiin in the distal convoluted tubules ,ascending limb and loop of henle

Ex : vhlorothiazide ,furosemide (lasix).

Beta blockers : these medications reduces workload of the heart and blood vessels

Ex : atenolol, propanolol.

Alpha blockers : orazocin.

ACE inhibitors : captopril , ramipril.

Vasodilators : nitroglycerin , sodium nitro prusside .

Calcium channel blockers : amlodipine , verapamil.

How medications administered:

Medications can be administered in both IM ,IV and oral routes with following rights of drug administration.

Diagnostic evaluations :

• Health history and physical examination.
• History of DM.
• Complete blood count.
• Ecg
• Chest x ray.
• Lipid profile .
• Serum electrolytes .
• Hematocrit.
• Urine analysis.
• Serum creatinine and urea levels etc.