Question

1. Describe the concept of body composition. Describe, in some detail, how exercise can reduce obesity and improve body composition. Provide two specific examples of how exercise can be made more safe/fun/enjoyable for children.

2. Describe 2 benefits of strength training for the older population. Why should at-risk older adults be closely supervised in strength-training programs? Describe the factors that might contribute to a loss of strength and flexibility as adults age.

3. Explain the developmental changes that occur in vision, audition, and kinesthetic systems during infancy and childhood. In what ways do these systems interact and how does the brain (nervous system) receive information from each of these senses? Describe the concept of figure and ground in both vision and audition.

4. Briefly describe how our visual perception develops/changes throughout the lifespan. Define and describe the differences/relationships between retinal disparity, depth perception, motion parallax, and optic flow and why these aspects are important for movement and overall motor development.

Answer 1

Ans 1.

• Concept of body composition: Body composition can be broadly classified as fat component and non-fat components or lean mass. Body with a lower percentage of fat components and a higher percentage of non-fat components is considered to be of a healthy composition. Non-fat components include tendons, ligaments, muscles, bones, and organs.
• Exercise can reduce obesity and improve body composition by burning the stored fat content and thereby reducing the weight caused due to the component. Fat is considered unhealthy when it exceeds the normal level. Body mass index (BMI) or Quetelet's Index is a value obtained from the mass or weight and height of a person. BMI is the weight or mass in kilograms divided by square of height in meters, expressed as kg/m². BMI calculation can determine whether a person has the appropriate weight for his height. BMI of a person decides whether he has a healthy weight or obesity. BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 is considered healthy, 25.0 to 29.9 is overweight, and 30.0 and above is considered obese. Though BMI does not measure body fat directly, obesity BMI level is an indicator of a higher percentage of the stored fat component. After BMI calculation, exercise, as directed by the physician, can reduce obesity since the stored fat is used up during exercise. This improves body composition to a healthy one by reducing fat component.
• Skipping and bear walk are two exercises worth mentioning, which has an enormous positive impact and exercise benefits. Skipping can be made more safe/fun/enjoyable for children by encouraging them to do it on a lawn. A lawn is comparatively more safer and enjoyable as compared to any other surface. Even if the child falls down, falling on lawn grass does not harm the child. It can be made funny by allowing kids to play in groups and letting them have a race. Bear walk can be made safer by allowing the kids to do this in a lawn outdoors or on a carpet indoors, so that they won't get hurt in the process. To add more fun to this already funny one elders can also do the same with kids.