Emma was called in for an emergency laparoscopy and possible spirectomy for blunt force trauma late in the evening the patient had extensive hemorrhage from the splenic laceration and the surgeon and anesthesiologist agreed that the patient required blood from the blood bank.
1.wheres the spleen located anatomically and to which body sustem does it belong?
2.why would the surgeon struggle so hard to save the spleen rather than just removing it?
3.what are important factors to be considered regarding the administration of donated blood to this patient?
4.if the patient waa blood type a positive and the blood from the bank was b positive what type of reaction would most likely occur and how would it be handled?
5.what sing would be visible to the surgeon in the area of the wound if there was blood mismatch??
**splenectomy **
**laparotomy **
1.wheres the spleen located anatomically and to which body sustem does it belong?
The spleen is the largest organ in the lymphatic system. It is an important organ for keeping bodily fluids balanced, but it is possible to live without it. The spleen is located under the ribcage and above the stomach in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen.
2.why would the surgeon struggle so hard to save the spleen rather than just removing it?
Removing your spleen is a major surgery and leaves you with a compromised immune system. For these reasons, it's only performed when truly necessary. The benefits of a splenectomy are that it can resolve several health issues such as blood diseases, cancer, and infection that could not be treated any other way.
3.what are important factors to be considered regarding the administration of donated blood to this patient?
Blood transfusion is the process of transferring blood or blood products into one's circulation intravenously. Transfusions are used for various medical conditions to replace lost components of the blood. Early transfusions used whole blood, but modern medical practice commonly uses only components of the blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, clotting factors, and platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, and increase iron levels by improving the amount of oxygen found in the body. White blood cells are not commonly used during transfusion, but are part of the immune system, and fight infections. Plasma is the liquid part of the blood, which acts as a buffer, and contains proteins and important substances needed for the body’s overall health. Platelets are involved in blood clotting, preventing the body from bleeding. Before these components were known, doctors believed that blood was homogenous. Because of this, many patients died because incompatible blood was transferred to them.
4.if the patient waa blood type a positive and the blood from the bank was b positive what type of reaction would most likely occur and how would it be handled?
B antigen from the donor reacts with anti-B antibody in the recipient.
An ABO incompatibility reaction can occur if you receive the wrong type of blood during a blood transfusion. It’s a rare but serious and potentially fatal response to incompatible blood by your immune system.
These reactions are extremely rare, because doctors are aware of the danger of using the wrong blood during a transfusion. There are many precautions in place to reduce the chances of a mistake. Your doctor and nurse know to look for certain symptoms during and after your transfusion that might mean you’re having a reaction. This allows them to provide you with treatment as quickly as possible.
Treatments for an ABO incompatibility reaction
You may need to enter the intensive care unit. After stopping your blood transfusion, the medical staff will attach a saline drip to the line to keep it open.
The goal of treatment is to prevent you from having kidney failure, extensive blood clotting, and blood pressure that’s abnormally low. You may receive oxygen and intravenous fluids. You may also receive a drug to increase your urine output. If you’re at risk of having widespread clotting, you may receive a transfusion of plasma or platelets.
There isn’t much that patients can do to prevent ABO incompatibility reactions. However, most hospitals and blood banks have systems in place to reduce the chance that such a reaction will occur. These include:
5.what sing would be visible to the surgeon in the area of the wound if there was blood mismatch??
Symptoms of an ABO incompatibility
Medical staff will stop the blood transfusion if they suspect you
might be having an incompatibility reaction. They’ll tell the blood
bank about it, because there’s a risk that the wrong blood could
also have been given to other patients.
Emma was called in for an emergency laparoscopy and possible spirectomy for blunt force trauma late...