Question

to stay view Enable ting Cardiovascular Adaptations to Training What does the Fick Equation (VO2 = Q x a-vO2 difference) tell you that VO2 is influenced by? Is resting HR, Q, or SV influenced by endurance training? If yes, what is/are the mechanism(s) for training-induced alterations in SV (SV = EDV – ESV) and HR? Does endurance training influence submaximal and maximal SV or Q? If yes, how does this occur and to what extent? Is maximal HR influenced by endurance training? Beyond 40% - 50% of VO2max, what accounts for rise in Q? Explain the two types of cardiac hypertrophy. How does blood flow through the working skeletal muscle increase during exercise? What is the mechanism for this adaptation? How do most organs adapt to the reduced percentage of blood flow provided to them during exercise? Be familiar with which tissues of the body maintain blood flow (ml and %) as you go from rest to exercise (pie charts). e to search 6:16 PM 3/27/2020 DELL Insert Delete B DB. LA SPEG HUKDOM tror 2 CVBNMORBI Shift + PgUp Alt Alt Ctrl Home PgDn End

Answer 1

The Fick Equation states that VO2max equals the amount of blood pumped per heart beat at maximum heart rate times the amount of oxygen the working muscles are able to extract from the blood passing through them. ... Increase the cardiac output or the amount of energy (oxygen) made available to the working muscles.

Cardiac output (Q), heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV) responses:

Cardiac output refers to the total quantity of blood that is ejected by the heart and is usually measured in litres per minute. Heart rate refers to how often the heart beats and is also meaured per minute. Stroke volume refers to the amount of blood that is ejected by the heart with each beat. So cardiac output is quite simply the product of heart rate and stroke volume.

Heart rate increases in a linear fashion to increases in the intensity of exercise.it is also worth noting that heart rate starts rise prior to any type of exercise. just the thought of exercise is enough to trigger a heart rate response. This initial response serves simply to prepare the body for activity and is controlled by the sympathetic division of the autonomic (involuntary) nervous system.

Stroke volume also rise as a person starts to exercise and continue to rise as the intensity of the activity increases. This increase is primarily due to a greater volume of blood returning to the heart. You will also notice that stroke volumes are higher when lying, and to a lesser degree sitting, as opposed to standing. This is because it is much easier for blood to return to, and fill the heart when a person is lying and sitting as the effect of gravity on blood flow is not as great when in these positions. increases in the intensity of exercise, up to the point of exhaustion. This happens as a direct consequence of the heart rate and stroke volume responses to the intensity of exercise.

Cardiac output increases in a linear fashion to increases in the intensity of exercise up to the point of exhaustion.this happens as a direct consequence of the heart rate and stroke volume responses to the intensity of exercise. The increase in cardiac output at intensities up to 50-60% of a person’s maximum heart rate is attributable to increases in heart rate and stroke volume. As the intensity of exercise exceeds 60% of a person’s maximum heart rate the increase in cardiac output is solely attributable to increases in heart rate.

Vigorous aerobic exercise, such as running or cycling, has the most effect on lowering your resting heart rate. ... RHR is lowered as the heart muscle becomes stronger and is able to pump out more blood per heartbeat. The body needs fewer heartbeats to pump the same amount of blood.

  

Cardiac output is the main determining factor of your VO2max. VO2 max equals cardiac output times a-vO2 difference. Of the two factors that determine VO2max, Cardiac Output is the more important of the two.

It has been categorized into two distinct basic types: concentric hypertrophy, occurring in response to a sustained pressure overload in which wall thickness increases without chamber enlargement, and eccentric hypertrophy, in response to a chronic volume overload in which chamber volume enlarges without a relative.

When you exercise the blood vessels that suppy blood to the muscles and take blood away from your muscle dilate to allow for a massive increase in blood flow to your muscles. ... Blood flow is greater when you exercise because the blood vessels in your muscles dilate.

When the muscles start to work, they need more oxygen so the respiratory system responds by getting more oxygen into the lungs. The blood carries greater amounts of oxygen and the heart responds to pump more oxygenated blood around the body. After exercising, the muscles need to rest, adapt and recover.