A study plans to investigate the impact of a new supplement for increasing calcium levels in a population at risk for low calcium. Participants are then randomized to receive the new treatment or usual care and followed for 6 weeks at which point they complete another questionnaire and have a second blood draw.
Question:
The investigators compared the change in calcium levels between the two groups and found a p-value of 0.026. They concluded that there was only a 2.6% chance that the two groups were the same and so rejected the null hypothesis and claimed a difference in change in calcium levels. A reviewer came back and said that this was incorrect. Is their statement accurate? Why or why not?
Note for all these analyses we will use 0.05 as the level of significance and the threshold for testing.
This is all the information we have.
Answer
No, the statement made in question is correct. We know that when p value is 0.026, it means that there is only 2.6% chances that the result is random.
It is also important to understand that when the p value is less than significance level, then it is considered as statistically significant and we reject the null hypothesis in such cases.
So, p value of 0.026 is enough to conclude that there is a difference in change in calcium levels and we can reject the null hypothesis.
A study plans to investigate the impact of a new supplement for increasing calcium levels in...
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