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cork thermometer plastic lid ← stirrer insulator ring reservoir ice and water aluminum container Figure 5.1: A Simple Calorimeter In the other direction, when the phase change is from liquid to solid, the sample must release the same amount of energy. For water at its normal freezing or melting temperature, Lf=79.5 cal/g = 333 kJ/kg (5.2) This lab employs a double-wall calorimeter as shown in Figure 5.1 to measure the heat of fusion for ice. The calorimeter consists of an aluminum container, a reservoir, a plastic lid and an insulator ring. The reservoir holds a maximum of 150 ml water. The clear plastic lid has 3 access holes. It includes a cork with a hole for holding a thermometer, and a hole for a stirrer. Water is poured into the reservoir, and the initial equilibrium temperature ce of T, is reached after heat transfer among all the devices is completed. I mass m is then put into the water, and then absorbs heat from water. In the meanwhilc, the water relcascs hcat, and as a rcsult, the temperaturc of the whole system decreases until the system starts to absorb heat from air surrounding the system. At this turning point, the temperature is T2. The
temperature then increases again. The total heat transfer can be broken into two parts: heat given o heat absorbed (if we assume t into ff and he system is closed). The heat absorbed goes the ice, to turn it into ice water the resulting ice water, to raise it to T2 The heat given off comes from . the reservoir the water in the reservoir . the thermometer all of which start out at T. Assuming the system is closed, all of the given off must be absorbed. The heat equation for the system can then expressed as: where . รn is the mass of ice, as previously stated my is the mass of water made of the same material) o ma is the mass of the reservoir and stirrer (assuming they are both . c is the specific heat of water . CA is the specific heat of the (aluminum) reservoir q is the heat released by the thermometer which is equal to: q : 1.93V (Ti-T2) (5.4)
s the immersed volume of the thermometer in ml which can nined by Archimedcs Principlc.
hat assumptions have been made in caleulating the heat given off by the thermometer? Will this introduce a random or a systematic error in L? If systematic, will it make the calculated value of Ly higher or lower than it should be? PQ4: What assumptions have been made about the temperature of the stir- rer? Will this introducc a random or a systematic crror in Lj? If systcmatic, will it make the calculated value of Ly higher or lower than it should be?
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