Question

What would be the effective nuclear charge experienced by the valence electrons of the following atoms?

Y
(yttrium)
The answer is not 2.
The answer is also only one number, not multiple ones.

Answer 1

Effective Nuclear Charge is the net positive charge experienced by an electron from the nucleus.

Consider the structure of an element. In the middle you can find the nucleus, which has a positive charge, this is surrounded by electron layers. Theseinner electron layers can act as insulation, preventing the outer layers of electrons from being attracted by the nucleus to the full potential. Thismodified, decreased attractive force exerted by the nucleus on an outer electron is called the effective nuclear charge.

Y or Yttrium is element 39 on the periodic table. You can calculate the effective nuclear charge (Z eff) through the following formula.

Z eff = Z - S

Here, Z is the number of protons in the nucleus ( so 39 for Yttrium) and S is the "screening constant" which we is usually very close to the number of coreelectrons in an atom. Yttrium has 36 core electrons because the first 4 shells are filled (Shell one has 2 electrons, shell two -8, shell three - 8, shell4 -18). 2+8+8+18=36

Now we apply the formula and we get
Z eff= 39-36
Z eff= 3

Thus, we can conclude that the effective nuclear charge experienced by the valence electrons on Yttrium is 3.

Answer 2

http://www.webelements.com/yttrium/orbital_properties.html
read this

Answer 3

Y (yttrium)the electron configuration is: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 10 4p 6 5s 2 4d 1 Zeff = 39 - 37 = +2


Actually, yttrium has this for an electron configuration [Kr]4s1, 3d2. Therefore, it will have oxidation states of +1, +2 and +3