Question

1- steps of ethical decision making ( with small explination )

2- workplace safety (prevention program)

Answer 1

Ethical decision making is a cognitive process that considers various ethical principles, rules & virtues or the maintenance of relationships to guide or judge individual or group decisions or intended actions. steps involved are-

1. IDENTIFY THE ETHICAL PROBLEM- the decision maker should be able to determine if there is possible violation of an important ethical principle, societal law, or organizational standard or policy. to see if there are potential consequence that should be sought or avoided that emanate from an action being considered to resolve the problem.

2. COLLECT RELEVANT DATA- Don’t jump to conclusions without the facts. Questions to ask: Who, what, where, when, how, and why & measure the degree, type, & amount of harm being inflicted or that will be inflicted on others.

3. EVALUATE THE INFORMATION- after information gathering the decision maker must apply some type of standard or assessment criterion to evaluate the situation. Define the ethical basis for the issue you want to focus on.There may be multiple ethical issues – focus on one major one at a time. Identify all of the stakeholders .Who are the primary or direct stakeholders? Who are the secondary or indirect stakeholders?

4. CONSIDER ALTERNATIVES- generate a set of possible action alternatives- confronting another persons action, seeking a higher authority or, stepping in & charging the direction of what is happening.

5. MAKE A DECISION- seek the action alternative that is supported by the evaluation in step 3. a decision maker selects a course of action that is supported by all the ethics theories or other evaluation criteria used in decision making process. If you have come up with solutions “a” and “b,” try to brainstorm and come up with a “c” solution that might satisfy the interests of the primary parties involved in the situation

6. ACT/ IMPLEMENT- Even though the prior steps have argued for a highly rational process, it is always good to “check your gut.” Intuition is gaining credibility as a source for good decision making – knowing something is not “right.” Formulate the appropriate decision or action based solely on the above analysis of these obligations.

WORKPLACE SAFETY-

Pay attention to ergonomics.

Use ergonomically designed furniture and equipment , and rearrange work areas to maintain a neutral posture and keep everything within easy reach

If your workers are exposed to cold conditions, install on-site heating devices. Dress in layers and make sure you properly cover your head, feet, hands and face. If your workers are exposed to extreme heat, make sure there is adequate ventilation and airflow -- open windows and utilize fans.

SAFETY IN TRANSIT- Make sure that all company vehicles are inspected each month and necessary repairs are made as soon as possible. Before driving a company vehicle, check break lights, turn signals, tire pressure and amount of gas in the tank.

Providing the safety equipment isn't enough -- you must make sure that your workers know how to use it properly. Provide adequate PPE training.
Provide full accessibility to electrical control panels. Never block the panels, which are used to shut down power in an emergency, with materials or other equipment.

Always read the label and the Material Safety Data Sheet to assess flammability and other fire hazards of a substance

Emergency Numbers and Proper Signage
Emergency phone numbers, as well as your company address, should be posted by the phone station for quick access. If necessary, create additional information sheets in the native languages for your employees.

Above all, a good & synchronized networking should be present between the workers of the place in order to inform & extend hands to each other in case of accidents & emergencies.