Question

Recall that the delivery period for a commodity futures is the period of time the seller...

Recall that the delivery period for a commodity futures is the period of time the seller of the contract has to deliver the underlying asset to the buyer. Show that, if the futures price of a commodity is greater than the spot price during the delivery period, then there is an arbitrage opportunity. Does an arbitrage opportunity exist if the futures price is less than the spot price? Explain your answer.

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Answer #1

If the futures price is greater than the spot price during the delivery period, an arbitrageur can make arbitrage profit by buying the asset, shorting a futures contract, and making delivery for an immediate profit.

If the futures price is less than the spot price during the delivery period, there is no similar perfect arbitrage strategy. An arbitrageur can take a long futures position but cannot force immediate delivery of the asset. The decision on when delivery will be made is made by the party with the short position. Nevertheless companies interested in acquiring the asset will find it attractive to enter into a long futures contract and wait for delivery to be made.

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