Question

1. The use of multivariate statistical techniques has become more commonplace largely due to the increasingly complex nature of research designs and related research questions. 2. A study appropriate for multivariate statistical analysis is typically defined as one with several dependent variables (DVs). The basic distinction between experimental and nonexperimental research designs is whether the levels of the independent variable(s) have been manipulated by the 3. 4. In nonexperimental research (eg, descriptive, correlational, survey, or causal- comparative designs), the researcher has no control over the levels of the independent variables (IVs). 5. In an experimental research study, if the researcher finds a statistically significant difference between two or more of the groups representing different treatment cortditions, she or he can have some confidence in attributing causality to the IV. Nonexperimental research studies also enable a rescarcher to conclude that the IV and DV are related and infer causality 6. 7. In experimental studies, IVs may also be referred to as criterion or outcome variables. 8. In experimental studies, DVs are sometimes referred to as the predictor or causal 9. Univariate statistics refers to andlyses where there is only one IV and one Dv 10. Bivariate statistics refers to analyses that involve two variables where one is identified as variables an IV and the other is identified as a DV.

Answer 1

1) The use of multivariate statistical techniques has become more commonplace largely due to the increasingly complex nature of research designs and related research questions.

TRUE.

As it is unrealistic to examine the effects of isolated treatment conditions on a single outcome measure. Human beings are complex entities. Thus studying human participants by examining single dependent and independent variable is truly impractical as these two variables affect or affected by several other variables. In order to draw conclusions and offer accurate explanations, the researcher should be willing to examine many variables simultaneously. This can be done using multivariate techniques.

2) A study appropriate for multivariate statistical analysis is typically defined as one with several dependent variables.

TRUE.

Multivariate analysis is based in observation and analysis of more than one statistical outcome variable at a time. In design and analysis, the technique is used to perform trade studies across multiple dimensions while taking into account the effects of all variables on the responses of interest. The development of multivariate methods emerged to analyse large databases and increasingly complex data.

3) The basic distinction between experimental and non experimental research designs is whether the levels of independent variables have been manipulated by the researcher.

TRUE.

4) In non experimental research, the researcher has no control over the levels of independent variables.

TRUE.

Because in non-experimental research the researcher can define the independent variable, but cannot assign participants to its various levels.

5) In an experimental research study, if the researcher finds a statistically significant difference between two or more of the groups representing different treatment conditions, he or she can have some confidence in attributing causality to the independent variable.

TRUE.

In an experimental research study, manipulating the levels of independent variables, by randomly assigning participants to those levels permits the researcher to draw causal inference from result of the study.

6) Non experimental research studies also enable a researcher to conclude that the independent and dependent variables are related and infer causality.

FALSE.

Because there is no manipulation or random assignment in non experimental research studies, the researcher is able to conclude that the independent and dependent variables are related but causal inference is limited.

7) In experimental studies, independent variables are referred to as criterion or outcome variables.

FALSE.

In experimental studies, independent variables are referred to as predictor or causal variables because they have the potential of causing different effects on dependent variable.

8) In experimental studies, dependent variables are sometimes referred to as predictor or causal variables.

FALSE.

In experimental studies, dependent variables are sometimes referred to as criterion or outcome variables.

9) Univariate statistics refers to analysis where there is only one independent variable and one dependent variable.

FALSE.

Because univariate statistics refers to analysis where there are one or more independent variable and only one dependent variable.

10) Bivariate statistics refers to analyses that involve two variables where one is identified as independent variable and other is identified as dependent variable.

FALSE.

Because bivariate statistics refers to analyses that involve two variables where neither is identified as independent variable or dependent variable.