Question

Compare and contrast the disorders caused by the hyposecretion and hypersecretion of the endocrine glands.

Answer 1

Hyposecretion of a endocrine gland means the gland is not producing proper harmone and there is deficiency of the hormone

Hypersecretion is opposite of hyposecretion in this there is excess of harmones production

Both the condition are dangerous and cause defect in human bodies

We will look into disorder along with harmones effected

Three main endocrine harmones with there disorders are as follows

1. Pituitary gland

Hyperpituitarism

The disorder cause are gigantism and acromegaly

Both the disorder are due to hypersecretion of the growth harmone and most commonly by somatrop

Gigantism : when GH excess occur prior to epiphyseal closure gigantism is produced . It occur in pre pubertal age in male and female

Main clinical feature is excessive and proportionate growth in child . There is enlargement and thickness of the bones

Acromegaly occur due to excessive GH production in adult hood .Clinical features are excessive growth of extremities

HYPOPITUITARISM

Disorder is pituitary dwarfism . Severe deficiency of GH in children before growth is completed result in retarted growth

It may be due to inherited autosomal recessive disorder or adenoma or infraction and trauma to pituitary

2.ADRENAL GLAND

HYPERADRENALISM

Disorder is Cushing syndrome

Causing syndrome is caused by excessive production of cortisol of whatever cause .

It usually occur at age of 20 to 40 yr with 3 times more in female than in male

There is central obesity

Wasting and thinning of muscles

Systemic hypertension

Moon like face

Impaired glucose tolerances

Insomnia depression confusions and psychosis

Conn's syndrome is also a hypersecretion of adrenal gland

Occur due to overproduction of aldosterone

HYPOADRENALISM

DISORDER IS Addison's disease

Progressive degeneration of more than 90 percent of adrenal cortex of both the sides result in uncommon condition. Called Addison's disease

Clinical features

Asthenia

Hyperpigmentation

Arterial hypotension

Loss of hair in women

Hypoglycemia

3. THYROID GLAND

Hyperthyroidism

Disorder is thyrotoxicosis

It is a hypermetabolic clinical and biochemical state caused by excessive production of thyroid hormones . Condition is more comman in females and is associated with rise in both T3 and T4 level in blood

Clinical feature

Emotional instability

Nervousness

Weight loss

Heat intolerance fine tremors

Cardiac manifestation

HYPOTHYROIDISM

DISORDER IS. Cretinism

It is a disorder of child with severe deficiency of thyroid harmine . It occur at time of birth or within first 2 yr of age the time at which brain develops

In absence of treatment child is physically and mentally retarted

Clinical features

Constipation

Dry scaly skin , hoarse cry , bradycardia poor feeding

MYXOEDEMA

The adult onset of of severe hypothyroidism is called myxedema

It is a non pitting edema due to accumulation of hydrophilic mucopolysaccharide in the ground substance of dermis and other tissues

Clinical features

Cold intolerance , slowing of speech , altered texture of skin ,puffiness of face

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