Question

luction Nucleophilic substitution is a tremendously useful and important reaction in organic chemistry. No s it used extensively in organic synthesis, but some biochemical processes also proceed via nucleophili Litution mechanisms. Often, nucleophilic substitution is one of the first organic reactions covered and it efore very important to understand it thoroughly. This experiment investigates the relative nucleophilicity of chloride and bromide ions. Also of interes ow varying the degree of substitution at the electrophilic center affects the reaction mechanism. The two ctions will occur in H20 (a polar, protic solvent) under acid catalysis conditions (H2SO4). OH NHBr, NHẠC H,O, H,504 OH NHBr, NH4Cl H,O, H,SO The reaction with 1-butanol will be performed in a scientific microwave, a process that has become increasingly popular in recent years. Microwave heating often results in decreased reaction times and increased product yields when compared to traditional reflux techniques. Reference This is a modified experiment based on Experiment 21 from Introduction to Organic Laboratory Techniques: A Small Scale Approach, 3 Edition, by Donald L. Pavia, Gary M. Lampman, George S. Kriz, and Randall G. Engel. Learning objectives • Test the relative nucleophilicities of Br and Cl under polar, protic reaction conditions.

Answer 1

NHA BY, NH 4 cl net ner H₂o H2 504 a 1, 2, 3 Alcohols react with equindar mixture of NHA Br, NHA cl in sulfuric acid to form eque mixture of alkyl boomide and alkyl chloride. XOH NHABY, Whal X" Br H2o H2SO4