Question

all please

a. How do older people deal with stressors compared to younger people?

b. Describe what happens to IQ as people age.

c. Describe how glucocorticoid excess causes death in some animal species.

d. Describe the normal feedback-inhibition process that involves CRH/ACTH and glucocorticoids.

e. What happens to the hippocampus of aged organisms, that impacts glucocorticoid levels?

f. Explain what is implicit memory and what is explicit memory.

g. Why do "mild to moderate short-term stressors enhance memory"?

h. Explain how and what type of memory is most affected by prolonged severe stress.

i. Sapolsky discusses 5 ways that stress damages the hippocampus in lab animals. List and describe each of these 5 ways.

j. What is Sapolsky's conclusion regarding the current state of knowledge regarding stress and the human hippocampus.

Answer 1

A) Physical stress:

- older adults' bodies are less able to handle stress at the cellular level

- bodies take longer to rebound after a physical stressor

Psychological stress:

- older adults report less stress than any other age group

- neuroticism decreases with age

- older adults are more resilient

B) Fluid intelligence :

- capacity to learn new ways of solving problems

- more likely to decrease with age

Crystallized intelligence :

- the accumulated knowledge of the world we acquire over time

- abilities increase with age, old age

C) The increase in urinary nitrogen after an increase in glucocorticoids is the result of amino acid changes, resulting in circulatory collapse, renal failure, and, ultimately, death.

D) Adrenocorticosteriods :

Secreted by the Adrenal Cortex

-Used to treat oral lesions associated with inflammatory disorders, long term use for chronic systemic diseases, asthma, arthritis

#. Mechanism of Release

Stress causes hypothalmus to release corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

- CRH acts on pituitary gland

Pituitary Gland releases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) which stimulates the adrenal cortex which releases hydrocortisone

Hydrocortisone acts on the pituitary/hypothalmus to inhibit the release of CRH & ACTH by negative feedback

Negative Feedback Inhibition

involves the action of adrenocorticosteroids on pituitary gland (ACTH), and Hypothalamus (CHF)