Question

d What coping measures do you use to deal with feelings of sadness or depression? 2. While working in a local hospital, a client is admitted that you beliere might be suffeng froa depression.obj 2,3 a What are the signs and symptoms of depression? b. Compare andcontrast the different etiological theories of depression. 3. Sandra has been suffering from severe depression for the past year and has just decided to seek help for her condition. Her healthcare provider is deciding upon appropiate treatment of her disorder. Obj 4 a List information you would provide to a patient whois prescribed a Selective Serotoms Reuptake Inhibitor, Tricyclic Antidepressant, or a Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor b. Identify Somatic therapies that can be used to treat depression. Discussion Topics, Mohr Chapter 28, Bipolar Disorders 1. While doing a clinical rotation through a psychiatric mental health facility, you are assgned to a client whois in the manic phase of bipolar disorder Obj 1,2,4 a. How prevalent are bipolar disorders in the United States? What are the signs and symptoms of bipolar disorder? r tou would react to a client in a manic state? How w ur approach to other

q 2 and 3

Answer 1

D.

depression is a mental disorder characterized by persistent depressed mood, loss of interest in activities which can cause impairment of daily living.

there are several coping measures to deal with the feelings of depression.

1.modify the lifestyle factors that influence mood.

Identify the lifestyle factors that induce stress and take measures to control it to reduce the stress. so the feelings of depression can be controlled beyond medications.

2. Help from a therapist.

Working with a therapist is often an important part of successfully managing depression. They can help to modify the lifestyle, minimize the stress and cope with the stressors. Among the issues that you can address together are how to improve your self-esteem, switch from negative to positive thinking, and practice stress management.

3.Maintaining a diary.

Writing your feelings in a diary can help you manage depression.  You can relieve stress by being open about your thoughts, feelings, and concerns in your writing — and stress management is an important part of living well with depression. Be totally honest in your private journal. Writing down your feelings and challenges with depression can release pent-up emotions. You'll be amazed at how much better you feel after putting pen to paper for just a few minutes each day.

4. Boosting your self-image.

The people with depression usually have low self-esteem. so alternatives ways should be undertaken to enhance the self esteem. positive thinking is a best approach to enhance the self-esteem. lifestyle modifications such as exercising, healthy diet, recreational activities, etc also can help.

5. Maintain a schedule.

Maintaining a healthy and regular routine is very helpful for people with depression.

6.Stay involved.

Depressed people will be withdraw socially and keep to yourself, either because of low self-esteem or a lack of interest. so force yourself to stay involved with pear groups or with the collegues. this will help to ventilate the feelings and they will not get any time to go depress.

7. Dependence.

Depend on others to ventilate the feelings. family is the best . they will help to stick on a routine and will help to ventilate the feelings.  

8. Sleep.

People suffering from depression will have sleep disturbances or insomnia..so ensure adequate sleep during night.

9. Exercise.

do regular exercise.  Physical activity relieves stress and can make you feel great. Plus, the satisfaction you get from finishing an engaging and challenging workout can boost your self-esteem as you get stronger and more physically fit. When you fight depression with a regular exercise routine, you’ll feel better emotionally and physically.

10. Diet.

A healthy diet lead to a healthy mind. stick on to nutritious diet and higher daily intake of omega-3s, which you can get in fish like salmon or through fish oil supplements, can improve mood. There are many connections between elements of diet and good nutrition and mood swings.

2.a.  

Mood: anxiety, apathy, general discontent, guilt, hopelessness, loss of interest, loss of interest or pleasure in activities, mood swings, or sadness

Sleep: early awakening, excess sleepiness, insomnia, or restless sleep

Whole body: excessive hunger, fatigue, loss of appetite, or restlessness

Behavioural: agitation, excessive crying, irritability, or social isolation

Cognitive: lack of concentration, slowness in activity, or thoughts of suicide

Weight: weight gain or weight loss

Also common: poor appetite or repeatedly going over thoughts

they will also have thoughts like "its my fault", i am a failure...etc

b. The etiological theories of depression are,

Faulty brain wiring; The experts found that the frontal lobe of the brain, the part associated with higher cognitive processes, displayed lower activity levels than those in nondepressed patients.

Other brain imaging reveals breakdown in normal patterns of emotional processing that impedes the ability of depressed patients to suppress negative emotional states. High levels of activity in the amygdala part of the brain, the fear center, persisted despite cognitive efforts to retrain the thoughts.

Depression, then, involves a problem in the wiring pattern in the brain: not a single brain activity pattern, but by a brain activity pattern that is unique to each person.

2. Brain atrophy.

Depression can be associated with the loss of volume in parts of the brain, namely the hippocampus, which belongs to the limbic system (the emotional center of the brain), and is important in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory. The more severe the depression, the greater the loss of brain volume.

The atrophy affects the brain’s frontal lobes, as well, especially the prefrontal cortex, which regulates the emotional centers of the brain. Finally, depression appears to inhibit the birth of new brain cells, or neurogenesis. For this reason, Peter Kramer, M.D. believes that depression is the “most devastating disease known to mankind.”

3. Hormonal imbalances.

The endocrine system may also play a role in depression. Some studies have indicated a default in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the region that manages the body’s response to stress. When a person is in distress, the hypothalamus produces corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and other substances that stimulate the pituitary gland to release stress hormones that send a flight-or-fight response. Chronic activation of the HPA can contribute to depression.

4. Genetics.

There are many genetic variations than can increase a person’s vulnerability to depression and other mood disorders, although some of these variations have yet to be identified. Scientists have identified a gene that may be linked to bipolar disorder, and experts have also found a common genetic mutation associated with a person developing clinical depression when faced with traumatic events in his or her life. A study on twins showed that if one twin developed depression, the other twin also suffered from depression in 46 percent of identical twins, compared with 20 percent of fraternal twins.

5. Brain inflammation.

In his bestseller, Grain Brain, renowned neurologist David Perlmutter, M.D. explains that the cornerstone of all degenerative conditions — including depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder — is inflammation, and the most prominent stimulators of inflammation in our diet are gluten and sugar. We get into trouble because we can’t feel the inflammation in our brain like we can in other parts of the body, so we rarely link a kind of food we eat with our mood. Perlmutter points out that study after study demonstrates that people who suffer from mood disorders also tend to be gluten-sensitive and vice versa: depression is found in as many as 52 percent of gluten-sensitive individuals.