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Explain how consumer surplus is derived from the difference between the willingness to pay and the...

Explain how consumer surplus is derived from the difference between the willingness to pay and the market equilibrium price. Please use examples to support your posting.

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Suppose that the price of a good is a determined at $10 per unit. Now different consumers have different valuation of that good which then determines their willingness to pay for its purchase. Suppose A can pay $20, B can pay $15 and C and pay $10. D cannot pay more than $5 so when the price is set at $10 per unit, D leaves the market due to the good becoming unaffordable for her. A has a consumer surplus (difference between willingness to pay and the price actually paid) of $20 - $10 = $10 while B has a consumer surplus of $5. C does not earn a consumer surplus because her willingness to pay is same as the market price. Overall the consumer surplus is $10 + $5 = $15 for the 2 units sold.

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