Question

Sherrod, Inc., reported pretax accounting income of $76 million for 2021. The following information relates to differences between pretax accounting income and taxable income: Income from installment sales of properties included in pretax accounting income in 2021 exceeded that reported for tax purposes by $3 million. The installment receivable account at year-end 2021 had a balance of $7 million (representing portions of 2020 and 2021 installment sales), expected to be collected equally in 2022 and 2023. Sherrod was assessed a penalty of $2 million by the Environmental Protection Agency for violation of a federal law in 2021. The fine is to be paid in equal amounts in 2021 and 2022. Sherrod rents its operating facilities but owns one asset acquired in 2020 at a cost of $80 million. Depreciation is reported by the straight-line method, assuming a four-year useful life. On the tax return, deductions for depreciation will be more than straight-line depreciation the first two years but less than straight-line depreciation the next two years ($ in millions): Income Statement Tax Return Difference 2020 $ 20 $ 26 $ (6 ) 2021 20 35 (15 ) 2022 20 12 8 2023 20 7 13 $ 80 $ 80 $ 0 For tax purposes, warranty expense is deducted when costs are incurred. The balance of the warranty liability was $2 million at the end of 2020. Warranty expense of $4 million is recognized in the income statement in 2021. $3 million of cost is incurred in 2021, and another $3 million of cost anticipated in 2022. At December 31, 2021, the warranty liability is $3 million (after adjusting entries). In 2021, Sherrod accrued an expense and related liability for estimated paid future absences of $7 million relating to the company’s new paid vacation program. Future compensation will be deductible on the tax return when actually paid during the next two years ($4 million in 2022; $3 million in 2023). During 2020, accounting income included an estimated loss of $2 million from having accrued a loss contingency. The loss is paid in 2021, at which time it is tax deductible. Balances in the deferred tax asset and deferred tax liability accounts at January 1, 2021, were $1 million and $2.5 million, respectively. The enacted tax rate is 25% each year.

Required:
1. Determine the amounts necessary to record income taxes for 2021, and prepare the appropriate journal entry.
2. What is the 2021 net income?
3. Show how any deferred tax amounts should be classified and reported in the 2021 balance sheet.
  

Answer 1

Part 1

	Current year	Future Taxable (Deductible) Amounts	Future Taxable Amounts (total)	Future Deductible Amounts (total)
	2021	2022	2023
Pretax accounting income Pretax accounting income	76
Permanent difference:
Fine	2
Temporary differences:
Installment sales of property	(3)	2	2	4
Depreciation	(15)	8	13	21
Bad debt expense	1	(2)			(2)
Paid future absences	7	(4)	(3)		(7)
Loss contingency	(2)
Taxable income (tax return)	66			25	(9)
Enacted tax rate	25%			25%	25%
Tax payable currently	16.5
Deferred tax liability				6.25
Deferred tax asset					(2.25)

	Deferred Tax Liability	Deferred tax asset
Ending balances needed	6.25	2.25
Less: Beginning balances (deferred tax assets)		(1.00)
Less: Beginning balances (deferred tax liabilities)	(2.50)
Change in balances	$4.50	$1.25

No.	Event	General Journal	Debit	Credit
1	1	Tax expense	19.00
		Deferred tax asset	1.25
		Deferred tax liability		3.75
		Taxes payable		16.50

Part 2

Pretax accounting income	76
Income tax expense	(19.00)
Net Income	$57.00 million

Part 3

Related Balance Sheet Account	Classification Current – C Noncurrent – NC	Future Taxable (Deductible) Accounts	Tax rate	Deferred Tax (Asset) Liability
				C	NC
Receivable – Installment sales of properties	C	2	25%	0.50
Receivable – Installment sales of properties	NC	2	25%		0.50
Depreciable assets	NC	21	25%		5.25
Liability – bad debt expense	C	(2)	25%	0.50
Liability – Paid future absences	C	(4)	25%	(1)
Liability – Paid future absences	NC	(3)	25%	(0.75)
Net current liability (asset)				(0.75)
Net noncurrent liability (asset)					5.75

Balance sheet presentation (in millions)
Current Assets:
Deferred tax asset	$0.75
Long – Term Liabilities:
Deferred tax liability	$5.75