Question

Taye Omo Rasmussen Home Calendar Re mg - Online - 2019 Summer Quarter Module 07. Coping with Stress in the "Golden Years" Assignments ents iptions Module 07 Written Assignment - Sleep Patterns Choose either insomnia or sleep apnea. In one page • Describe the sleep patterns of your older adult with this problem and why they occur • Discuss eight nursing actions designed to help the geriatric client reduce stress and enhance healthy sleep habits Within those elght actions, include two common medications used for sleep promotion, why you should these two medications, and what health care information you would provide to your client • Usein text citations and include your references in APA format at the end of the paper Submit your completed assignment by following the directions linked below. Please check the Course Calendar for specific due dates. Save your assignment as a Microsoft Word document (Mac users, please remember to append the "docxextension to the filename.) The name of the file should be your first initial and last name, followed by an underscore and the name of the assignment, and an underscore and the date. An example is shown below: Jstudent exampleproblem 101504 Need Help? Click here for complet drop box instructions 115HOSHA99837284608 26 go89

Answer 1

Sleep apnoea is a clinical condition in which there is difficulty in respiration during sleep, resulting in sleep fragmentation.

1. Causes: It can be broadly classified into three categories and each of them have different etiology.

                            A. Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: It occurs due to the lack of muscle tone of palatoglossus and genioglossus during sleep in some individuals (Colledge, 2014). It results in obstruction of the upper respiratory tract and thus the difficulty in respiration. There are multiple risk factors for this condition viz. obesity; smoking; male; elderly (above 50 years).

                            B. Central Sleep Apnoea: It is a less common variant. It occurs as a result of decrease in the drive to respire due to less stimulation of respiratory center in the brain. The causes are mostly congenital and it indicates genetic pathology like Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome; Arnold Chiari Malformation etc. or it may also indicate trauma to any area of the brainstem in case of recent onset.

      Clinical Manifestations: An elderly with Sleep Apnoea will present with the following complaints:

                                            i. Excessive daytime sleepiness: The client generally complains of waking up asleep even after lying on the bed the whole night.

                                           ii. Difficulty in concentration: Due to fragmented sleep, the cognitive ability of the individual decreases and they also present with fatigue; irritability; depression etc.

                                          iii. Snoring: Due to obstruction, there is also abnormal noise that is produced due to turbulence in the air pathway.

                                         iv. Choking/ Gasping during sleep: Intermittent episodes of choking or difficulty in respiration occurs due to obstruction of the airway tract.(Colledge, 2014)

2. Nursing Tips to the client:

                       A. Reduce weight: Clients are advised to reduce weight if they are obese or overweight.

                       B. Regular Exercises: Clients are advised to exercise regularly that can help them to develop the resistance in the respiratory muscles and improve breathing (Colledge, 2014).

                       C. Avoid alcohol or sedatives regularly: They can relax the muscles that can obstruct the airway.

                       D. Maintain proper sleep schedule: Clients are advised to maintain a disciplinary sleep routine.

                       E. Elevation of the head side: To prop-up the head using a pillow.

                       F. Open nasal passages during sleep: Clients are advised to use nasal dilator or breathing strips to keep the airway patent.

                       G. Avoid caffeine during bedtime

                       H. Try chewing gum or holding pen between the jaws so that the muscles that keep the mouth closed are tightened.

Avoiding activities that involve concentration like driving; swimming etc.is advised.

• I would also like to add Modafinil or Benzodiazepene sedatives like Diazepam to help resolve the problem of excessive daytime sleepiness; fatigue and irritability and also to exclude any chances of seizure that may precipitate due to decreased sleep (Colledge, 2014). I would advise the client not to take the medications with alcohol and to stick to the advised dosage. I would also suggest the client to report to any medical care hospital in cases of any drug reaction like rash; fever or sudden respiratory difficulty.

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REFERENCES

            1. Colledge, N. R., Walker, B. R., Ralston, S., & Davidson, S. (2014). Davidson's principles and practice of medicine. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. Diseases of the upper airway, 725-727.