Question

How is Dorothy Orem self care deficit nursing theory

Answer 1

Dorothy Orem formulated the theory of Self-care deficit nursing theory.

The central theme - As per this theory, every individual wants to take care of oneself. They should be allowed to take care of themselves. This improves the patient's health-related outcomes.

Nursing is required when the ability of self-care is overwhelmed by the ill- health of a patient. The nurse's role is to bring the patient back to a state where he/she can take care of him/herself.

Major assumption

1. The patient should be responsible for their own health
2. Nursing is a form of interaction between 2 or more individuals.
3. Universal and development self-care requisites should be met.
4. Person's understanding of health problems helps promote self-care behavior
5. Self-care and dependent care are behaviors learned within a socio-cultural context

Three theories by Orem

SELF-CARE

Self-care - It is the action taken by an individual to maintain one's health

Self-care agency - It is the human's acquired powers and capabilities to engage in self-care.

Therapeutic self-care demands- these are care activities that are required to meet a person's requirement of self-care.

Self-Care Requisites - The reason/ stimulus for the occurrence of self care

1. Universal self-care requisites- Example - the balance between rest and activity
2. Developmental self-care requisites - associated with an event in the one's life ( change in body shape)
3. Health deviation self-care requisites - following medical advice.

Theory of self-care deficit

Due to certain conditions, an individual's capacity for self-care is reduced. Nursing is required in such a situation.

The nurse can do the following for the patient:

1. Teach
2. Physical and psychological support
3. Guidance
4. Provide an environment which is conducive for personal development]
5. Acting for and doing for others

Theory of Nursing systems

This theory describes how self-care needs of a patient can be met either by the patient or nurse or both

The nursing system is classified into:-

1. Wholly compensatory system - The nurse needs to take care of the patient. The patient plays no role in taking care of himself. Example - Coma, anesthesia
2. Partially compensatory system - Both nurses and patients play a role in patient care. Example, Fracture leg
3. Supportive - educative system - The patient is fully capable of taking care of himself but needs assistance (information/ knowledge). Example - birth control measure.

The nursing process.

This process involves understanding the deficit in the patient's ability of self-care and tailoring nursing accordingly

Step:1 Data collection

1. Understanding the health status
2. Doctor's view of the patient's health
3. Patient's view of his health
4. Health goals
5. Patient's requirement of self-care
6. Person's capacity to perform self-care

Step:2 nursing diagnosis and care plans

1. After understanding the patient's condition, the nursing approach can be designed (Wholly/ partially/ education)

Step 3:Implemetation and evaluation

1. Nurse assists the patient/ care taker of the patient to achieve his/her health goals.