Question

The research question would be “CHILD NEGLECT AND GUIDE FOR PREVENTION”

P: Patient	children who experienced the child neglect
I: intervention or Indication	health insurance coverage for all children with proper screening
C: comparison or control	children without medical issuance and ratings in the territory
O: outcome	level of related emotional symptoms mortality and morbidity
T: time	3 months

please complete an infographic with two peer-reviewed articles references.

Answer 1

*Child neglect is a most common form of maltreatment
*It is the negligent treatment or maltreatment of a child by a parent or a caretaker under circumstances, indicating harm or threatened harm to the child's health or welfare.

*Failure to take care of a child's basic needs
*Parents are supposed to take care of a child's housing, medical needs, clothing, love.

Major causes of neglect:

*Economic cause: neglect is caused by stress as a result of living in poverty
stress --> living in poverty
Ecological cause: Views family behavior and neglect as a result of the social cause. Family behavior and neglect --> social cause
Personalistic cause: Child neglect to the personality characteristics of the caretakers.
Parents who are frustrated, depressed addicts.

#Preventionof child abuse :

-Increasing services to families such as home visiting, early childhood education, and parent education.

-Providing mental health services to parents and neglected children and youth

-Ensuring access for all children to affordable, quality health care, including prenatal, dental, and mental health services.

-Increasing efforts to address social problems such as poverty, substance abuse, and family violence which contribute to neglect.

-Increasing public awareness efforts to educate the public about child neglect, its seriousness, and how they can help prevent it, as well as foster a shared sense of societal responsibility.

-Increasing research efforts to improve our understanding of child neglect abuse – its nature, extent, causes, and consequences, as well as what helps prevent and address it,

*Parent-centered strategies:

The.focus.of.parent-centered.strategies.is.on.enabling. caregivers.to.meet.the.needs.of.all.family.members,. including. themselves; in. a. balanced. way,. providing. parents.with.the.resources.to.ensure.the.safety.and.wellbeing.of.the.family...Strategies.focus.on.the.enduring. and.underlying.protective.factors,.along.with.the.risks,. to.optimize.a.match.of.interventions...Examples.that. show.promise.in.improving.parenting.skills.and.the. parent-child.relationship.include.parenting.education. programs,.such.as.Parents as Teacher and.Parents and Children Together (P.A.C.T.),.and.treatment.programs. that.address.problems.such.as.depression,.substance. abuse,.and.domestic.violence.

*Family-centered strategies:

Family-centered. strategies. involve. parents,. children,. and. other. members. of. the. family. system,. where. appropriate.. . Coordination. of. multiple. service. providers,. as. well. as. faith-. and. community-based. organizations,. may. be. needed. to. support. a. family’s. various. needs.. . Family-centered. strategies. focus. on. enhancing.parenting.skills.and.helping.families.recover. from.neglect...CPS.caseworkers.work.with.the.family. by. training. parents. in. behavioral. and. social. skills,. setting. short-term. goals. with. clearly. defined. action. steps,.providing.in-home.teaching.and.skills.training. to.parents.to.improve.parent-child.interactions,.and. teaching.home.management.skills.

*Utilization of concrete resources :

The. lack. of. concrete. resources. and. the. stress. of. poverty.that.come.from.living.in.neglected.and.unsafe. neighborhoods.are.risk.factors.for.neglect...Helping. families. access. concrete. resources. is. often. essential. before.they.can.deal.with.other.factors.in.their.lives. that.may.affect.the.care.of.their.children...Examples. of. concrete. resources. include. housing;. emergency. financial,.food,.and.energy.assistance;.affordable.and. quality.child.care;.transportation;.home.management. assistance;.and.free.or.low-cost.medical.care...These. resources. are. needed. to. help. families. move. beyond. mere.survival.to.optimal.functioning.

*Utilization of social supports

Risk and Protective Factors,.parents.who.experience.loneliness,.lack.social. support,.and.are.socially.isolated.may.be.more.prone. to. neglecting. their. children. than. families. who. have. a.strong.network.of.social.supports...Building.social. supports.can.serve.as.a.means.of.stress.prevention.as. well.as.a.stress.buffer...Being.in.the.company.of.others. can.enhance.self-esteem,.provide.a.sense.of.belonging,. improve. access. to. healthy. role. models,. and. provide. incentives.to.comply.with.social.norms.

*Utilization of community services :

Both. informal. and. formal. provision. of. community. services. can. help. reduce. family. stresses. that. can. contribute. to. child. abuse. and. neglect.. . To. be. effective,.social.support.needs.to.be.integrated.with. community. services,. such. as. social. skills. training,. home-based. family. interventions,. emergency. assistance,. parenting. education,. intensive. therapy,and,. in. some. cases,. substance. abuse. treatment.. CPS. typically. is. the. lead. agency. in. coordinating. communication.between.various.parties.and.services. within.the.community...Other.professionals.involved. in. community. prevention. and. intervention. efforts. include. law. enforcement,. educators,. early. child. care. providers,. health. care. providers,. mental. health. professionals,.legal.and.judicial.system.professionals,. substitute. care. providers,. the. faith. community,. community.organizations,.support.services.providers,. and. other. concerned. citizens.. . Integration. of. these. service. systems. and. providers. will. help. ensure. that. families.can.be.supported.appropriately.across.their. developmental.life.span.

* Cognitive behavioral Interventions:

Cognitive-behavioral. interventions. use. behavior. modification.techniques.in.individual.therapy.sessions. with.caregivers.who.have.neglected...They.include:.

• verbal. instruction—providing. information. about.appropriate.child.care;

• social.skills. training—demonstrating.methods. for.managing.child.care.tasks;

• stress. management—teaching. relaxation. techniques.or.cognitive.coping.skills;.

• cognitive. restructuring—replacing. self-defeating. thoughts. with. beliefs. and. behaviors. that.lead.to.improved.functioning.

*Systems of care:

A.Systems.of.Care.approach.is.a.collaborative.effort. on.the.part.of.service.agencies.to.support.children.and. families.with.complex.needs.in.an.integrated.manner.. Systems. of. Care. enable. cross-agency. coordination. of.services.regardless.of.where.or.how.children.and. families.enter.the.system...Agencies.work.strategically,. in. partnership. with. families. and. other. formal. and. informal. support. systems. and. can. address. neglect. based.on.a.family’s.unique.needs...This.approach.has. been.a.catalyst.for.changing.the.way.public.agencies. organize,.purchase,.and.provide.services...It.has.been. applied. across. the. United. States. in. various. ways. at. the. macro. level. (through. public. policy. and. system. change). and. at. the. micro. level. (in. the. way. service. providers.directly.interact.with.children.and.families. in.need.of.assistance).

*Diane DePanfilis, "Child Neglect: A Guide for Prevention, Assessment, and Intervention"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families Administration on Children, Youth and Families Children’s Bureau Office on Child Abuse and Neglect,2006

*Gail Hornor, "Child Neglect: Assessment and Intervention"Official publication of the National Association of Pediatric Nurse practitioners",doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2013.10.002