Question

1. How do you calculate a drug’s half-life?

2. Investigate mechanisms used at your clinical site to report adverse drug effects.

3. What terms are used to describe people at different points of the life cycle?

4. The male patient would like to use his wife's prescription of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the same drug that the prescriber has recommended for his treatment of joint pain. Discuss the gender differences that could affect this patient's outcome.

5. Discuss variations of transdermal medication absorption of a patient categorized as “the very old.”

6. Discuss renal function levels in newborns, infants, adults, and older adults. What are the possible effects on drug therapy?

7. What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, and how is it used in the medical setting?

8. What is the difference between nursing implications and expected outcomes?

Answer 1

Q. No 5. Answer :

As the age increases the functions of tissues and organs may decreases, so that the absorption of the transdermal medications also decreases.

So the old age people or very old age people are having less trans dermal medication absorption, because their tissues and organs may not support for absorption.

Q. No. 6. Answer :

Renal function level in neonates or new borns, first few days the renal maturity is very high in newborns, so that the excretion of drugs are also more.

renal function may improve at the age of one year that means in infants, at least urine flow rate is less than 1 ml per kg per hour, so there is no that much renal toxicity due to drugs.

Renal function levels in adults improves well so the drugs can excrete well after metabolism.

In older adults there is a little bit function loss due to age factors and so that again the toxicity may increases due to over usage of drugs.

Q. No 7. Answer :

Marlow hierarchy needs are basic needs of human beings.

These are mainly

1. Physiological needs like water, air, food, sleep, clothing, sexual drives ect.

2. Safe and security by having parents to children, house to living ect.

3. Love and affection like parents love towards children.

4. Self esteem like pristage feeling by earning money and spending some valuables.

5. Self actualization like achieving ones desired goals like to became a good doctor, ect.

These are maslow hierarchy needs.

In medical settings these are vary important to clients to recover earlier like,

* basic needs like good environmental settings like good nutrition, adequate water, ventilation, cleanliness ect.

* safe and security by providing securing environment in the hospital settings like full filling the clients needs according to their time schedule and by protective environments like providing side rails for unconsciousness patients ect.

* love and affection shows to clients in a professional way by good supportive communication.

* self esteem create by respecting to clients words.

* self actualization get by recovering from their disease.

Q. No 8. Answer :

Nursing implications are the sequence of nursing actions, in order to provide care for clients in priority based, depending upon their disease conditions, or disorders, which may effects on the clients.

For example giving medications to the clients by knowing all the side effects and uses of drug, and it's impact on clients, is one of nursing implication.

Where as expeceted out comes are one of the statements in the nursing care plan, we may state nursing interventions are intended to achieve.

And it is expected behavior of clients after implementation of nursing interventions , or implications.