Question

Asthma A. Definition: B. Manifestations 1. Severe sudden dyspnea 2. U 3. Sitting up 4. Diaphoresis 5. Wheezing 6. Cyanosis 7. Anxiety, apprehension se of accessory muscles for respiration C. Management Quick relief medications for asthma a. b. 1. and last Act Examples 1) 2) Oral and IV c. Long-term control medications for asthma a. 2. Inhaled corticosteroids: safer than oral or IV for b. 1) salmeterol (Serevent Diskus) C. 1) montelukast (Singulair) 2) zafirlukast (Accolate)

Answer 1

ASTHMA

Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by recurrent attacks of breathlessness and wheezing ,shortness of breath,and chest tightness.During an asthma attack,he lining of the bronchial tubes swells,causing the airway to narrow,tun moe sensitive to irritants in the environment,and thus educing the flow of air into and out of the lungs.

C).Management

1.Quick relief medications of asthma

a).Short acting bronchodilators used as quick acting medications of asthma.They act very quickly by opening the airways.The action of inhaled bronchodilators starts with in minutes after inhalation and last for 2-4 hours.

b).Examples

1. Albuterol
2. Metaproterenol available as generic solutions for nebulizers
3. Pirbuterol

c).Oral and IV corticosteroids used for reducing the swelling and mucus production in airways .

• Deltasone(prednisone)
• Medrol(Methylprednosolone)

2.Long acting medications of asthma

a). Inhaled corticosteroids;safer than oral or IV for pregnant women

b). Long acting B2 adrenergic receptor agonist

1. Salmetol(Serevent Diskus)

c).Other drugs

• Leukotriene modifiers

1. montelukast(Singulair)
2. Zafirlukast(Accolate)

• Mast cell stabilizers

1. omalizumab

• Immunodialators

1. Benralizumab

• Theophyllin

TUBERCULOSIS

Manifestations

• Coughing that lasts three or more weeks
• Fatigue
• Unintentional weight loss
• fever usually occurs at night

Diagnostic tests

• PPD tuberculin skin test
• Blood tests used to confirm or rule out active or latent TB
• Imaging tests-Chest X ray and CT scan
• Sputum tests-Sputum culture.