Question

A client who has been receiving treatment for psychosis presents to the clinic for follow up. On assessment the nurse discovers the client is currently displaying rhythmic, involuntary facial movements to include chewing-like movements and tongue protrusion. The nurse interprets these findings as an indication of which disorder? A. Stevens-Johnson syndrome B. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome C. Tardive dyskinesia D. Extrapyramidal syndrome

Answer 1

Ans) C - TARDIVE DYSKINESIA(TD)

-- Tardive Dyskinesia is a side effect of antipsychotic medication.These drugs are used to treat schizophrenia and other mental health disorders.

-- TD Symptoms,

* Blink the eyes.

* Stick out the tongue.

* Jerky movement of face and body.

* Smack or pucker the lips.

* Frown

* Grunt

-- Everyone who is using antipsychotic drugs will not get it,but it happens when it is permanent.

Risk Factors:

-- Antipsychotic medications treat Schizophrenia,bipolar disorder and other brain conditions.Doctors also call them neuroleptic drugs.

-- They block a brain chemical called dopamine.It helps cells talk to each other and makes the muscles move smoothly.When you have too little of it can become jerky and out of control.You can get TD if you take an antipsychotic drug,usually you have to be on it for 3 months or more.But there have been rare cases of it after a single dose of an antipsychotic medicine.

DIAGNOSIS

-- TD is hard to diagnose.Symptoms might not appear until months or years after you start taking antipsychotic medicine,or you might first notice the movements after you have already stopped taking the drug.The timing can make it hard to know whether the medicine caused your symptoms.

TREATMENT

-- There are 2 FDA approved medicine to treat Tardive Dyskinesia:

1) Valbenazine (Ingrezza)

   2) Deutetrabenazine (Austedo)

-- Both of these medicines work in similar way to regulate the amount of dopamine flow in brain areas that control certain kinds of movements. Both can sometimes cause drowsiness. Austedo also has been shown to sometimes cause depression when used in patients with Huntingtons disease.