Question

Directions: Short answer questions. 10 points each. 1. List major types of infetious agents. (IILC.I) 2. Describe the infection cycle including: a. the infectious agent b. reservoir c susceptible host d. means of transmission e. portals of entry f portals of exit. (III.C2) 3. Define the following as practiced within an ambulatory care setting: a medical asepsis, b surgical asepsis. (IIC.3) 4. Identify methods of controlling the growth microorganisms. (IILC.4) 5. Define the principles of standard precautions. (IIL.C.5) 6. Define personal protective equipment (PPE) for a all body fluids, secretions and excretions b. blood c. non-intact skin d. mucous membranes. (IIL.C.6) 7. Identify the Center for Disease Control (CDC) regulations that impact healthcare practices. 8. Define coaching a patient as it relates to: a health maintenance b. disease prevention c. (IILC.7) 9033 compliance with treatment plan d. community resources e. adaptations relevant to individual patient needs. (V.C.6) 9. Analyze healthcare results as reported in: a graphs, b. tables. (II.C.6)

Answer 1

1.Major infecious agents are

1. Viruses-adenovirus,togavirus,flavivirus,corona virus
2. Bacteria-Staphylococci,streptococci,treponema palladidum,mycoplasmsa pneumoniae
3. Fungi-Candida albicans,histoplasma capsulatum
4. Protozoa-Entamoeba histolytica,leishmania,plasmodium,trypanosoma
5. Worms-Enterobius vermiculans,Ascaris lumbricoides

2.Infection cycle is a series of events that that happens to enable the germs to cause infection in person.If we can break the cycle at any part we can stop infection arising.

Causative agent-It is a biological,physical or chemical entity capable of causing disease.

Reservoir-It is the place where an infectious agent can survive but may or may not multiply.

Portal of entry-The pathway by which an infectious agent enters the susceptible host

Mode of transmission-The mechanism for transfer of an infectious agent from s reservoir to a susceptible host.

Portal of exit-The path by which an infectious agent leaves the reservoir.

Susceptible host-Individual lacking effective resistance to a particular pathogenic agent.

3.Medical asepsis-Medical asepsis include all practices intended to confine,limit the growth and transmission of microorganisms.It is a clean technique.

Surgical asepsis-It is defined as the compete removal of microorganisms and spores from the surface of an object.The surgical asepsis begins with cleaning the object using the principles of medical asepsis followed by sterilization process.

4.Methods of controlling microorganisms

• Physical methods-high and low temperature,desiccation,osmotic pressure,radiation,filtration
• Chemical control-Antiseptics,antibiotics,chemotherapeutic antimicrobial agents
• Sterilization
• Disinfection
• Synthetic chemicals
• Decontamination
• hand washing
• Contact ,airborn and droplet precautions
• Environmental control

5.Standard precautions are a set of infection control practices used to prevent transmission of disease that can be acquired by contact with blood,body fluids,non intact skin,and mucus membranes.

• Hand hygiene
• Use of personal protective equipment
• Respiratory hygiene
• Sharps safety
• Safe injection practices
• Sterile instruments and devices
• Clean and disinfected environmental surfaces

6.Personal protective equipment refers to protective clothing,gloves,caps,face shields,goggles,face masks,and respirators or other equipment designed to protect the wearer from injury or spread of infection.